The Problem Of Global Warming - 1443 Words

Many people who watch ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ news daily knows that it often display either social unrest, financial crises, or political struggle such as the Syrian war. One reason why Syrians are engaged in a war is that they are experiencing extreme heat and drought which causes them to be more rebellious and aggressive. The underlying cause of these trouble can be due to global warming. Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere because some of the sun’s ray cannot escape. It is a worldwide phenomenon that impacts each and every one of us because it cause irregular climate patterns, increase the sea levels, and decrease human living standards. We can usually anticipate what the temperature will be the next couple days because there is a normal pattern to it, but recently we have not been able to accurately predict what the weather will be for the week. For instance, the severe snowstorm ne ar the end of winter or the inconsistent temperature throughout the week. This unusual and intense weather event occurs because the warmer atmosphere can now hold and remove more moisture than before and it can affect both the land and ocean conditions (Didier sec.1). The warmer atmosphere causes the annual average rate of precipitation to increase in some area and decrease in others. One example of a decrease in precipitation can be seen in the severe drought in California of 2013. During that time, the governor of California, Jerry Brown,Show MoreRelatedGlobal Warming Is A Problem Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Global warming is a dilemma; it is a debatable issue between a fact and a theory, between approval and disapproval and between having advantages and disadvantages. Endless questions that have indefinite answers arise to a man’s mind when just tackling the idea of the global warming. Many people do not take in consideration the environmental issues, their main interests lie behind thinking about their personal lives and needs. Only few who think about the environment they‘re living in. IsRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1131 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the biggest problems facing in today s world is global warming. It is affecting the earth from climate changes, storms becoming worse over time creating damage to peoples homes, species dying because they can’t adapt rapidly to the changes, animal s population is shrinking and new diseases being created. Thankfully through time we have developed new technology to reduce the effect of global warming. However since we have dealt with global warming for so long for many years, we have doubleRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1228 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a Social Problem? A social issue is defined as an area of conflict in a social setting that influences different people and is often out of reach of the control of an individual or local geographical authority (Weart 73). Some social problems, however, are not perceived universally as such, resulting in a difference in opinion between different groups. Other social issues are universally recognized as justifiable and, therefore, are addressed by everyone. Global warming is a social issueRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Problem1381 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is global warming? Global warming is the polar bears and penguins fighting for their lives because their home is melting. Global warming is seventy-degree weather in the middle of February. Global warming is the rapid increase in tropical storms. Global warming is the California drought. Global warming is the harmful wildfires occurring in our forests (NRDC). Many people, mostly politicians, believe that global warming is a problem that doesn’t exist. Global warming is a real issue that we cannotRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1311 Words   |  6 Pagesknow is inhabitable is now being destroyed by man. As humanity has revolutionized we have created many problems along the way. The main problem we are facing right now is called global warming. We have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet once thought about the damage we are inflicting on our mother earth. We are already beginning to see the effects of global warming. It will make little changes that will have a huge impact, and devastate many ecosystems and everythingRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1430 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming in the United Stated Global warming is no longer just a prediction it is actually happening. It is undisputed that the average temperature at the surface of Earth has increased over the past century by 1 degree Fahrenheit, with both the air and the oceans warming. Since 1880, when people in many locations first began to keep temperature records, the 25 warmest years have all occurred within the last 28 years. The problem is that if we keep on hurting our own environment and ecosystemsRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthe story in the movie The Age of Stupid, in which a man lives in the devastated future world of 2055. The man looks back to today’s date and asks himself why we did not stop the climate change when we had the chance. However, today global warming is out of control, global temperatures are steadily rising. â€Å"The primary cause, a consensus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane† (Sto ne, 2013). The CO2 stays in the atmosphere for 50 to 100 yearsRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Problem1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthis reason is global warming. Global warming is a problem that some people choose to ignore. They claim it does not exist. Global warming is real. It is time for people to stop ignoring it and start searching for a solution. Although many people do not believe in global warming, blaming the climate change on the sun, global warming is a serious danger to the Earth because it could have serious effects on the plant and animal populations. To fully grasp the effects of global warming, one must firstRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Global Problem1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe reason why, I decided to focus on global warming is because it doesn’t just affect one person it affects everyone as a national crisis. Numerous individuals don’t believe in global warming, but to scientist this is a big dilemma. In the article, â€Å"closer looks at climate change, it’s specified that these issues are not new, they have been around forever† (Schmidt, 2010). â€Å"In the article the real case against activist global warming, has gotten the response of the president of the United States†Read MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1300 Words   |  6 Pageshelp of society. One of the problems is global warming. Global warming is only possible by having excess of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. So where is the excess carbon dioxide coming from? Have you ever spray a can of hair spray well that hair spray contains carbon dioxide, but just one person doesn’t make a difference now think about a whole world who uses it each time you spray, carbon dioxide is released in the world, yet this is not the real threat of global warming. The real main threat is

Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Sixteen Free Essays

string(59) " of ourselves means we are better able to help each other\." â€Å"We’re looking for Joe Loong,† Jane said, to the assembled search team, at the edge of the forest by Joe’s house. Dad, who was standing with her and Savitri, was letting her run the show. â€Å"He’s been missing for the last two days. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Sixteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therese Arlien, his companion, tells me that he was excited about the return of the fanties to the area and told her he was thinking of trying to get close to one of the herds. We’re working under the assumption that’s what he did, and then either got lost, or perhaps got injured by one of the animals.† Jane motioned at the line of trees. â€Å"We’re going to search the area in teams of four, spreading out in a line from here. Everyone in a group stays in voice contact with the group members on either side; every one at the left or right of a group also stays in voice contact with your opposite number from the next group over. Call to each other every couple of minutes. We’ll do this slow and careful; I don’t want any of us adding to the number of the lost, understand? If you lose voice contact with the other members of your group, stop and stay where you are, and let your group members reestablish contact. If the person next to you doesn’t respond when you call, stop and alert those you are in contact with. Again, let’s not lose anyone else, especially when we’re trying to find Joe. Now, you all know who we are looking for?† There were general nods; most of the hundred and fifty or so folks who’d showed up to look for Loong were friends of his. I personally had only the vaguest of ideas of what he looked like, but I was going on the idea that if someone came running toward us, waving his hands and saying, â€Å"Thank God you found me,† it was likely to be him. And joining the search party was getting me a day out of school. You can’t argue with that. â€Å"All right, then,† Mom said. â€Å"Let’s organize into teams.† People started grouping together in fours; I turned to Gretchen and figured she and I would be a team with Hickory and Dickory. â€Å"Zoe,† Mom said. â€Å"You’re with me. Bring Hickory and Dickory.† â€Å"Can Gretchen come with us?† I asked. â€Å"No,† Jane said. â€Å"Too large. Sorry, Gretchen.† â€Å"It’s all right,† Gretchen said to Mom, and then turned back to me. â€Å"Try to survive without me,† she said. â€Å"Stop,† I said. â€Å"It’s not like we’re dating.† She grinned and wandered off to join another group. After several minutes three dozen groups of four were spread out over more than half a klick of tree line. Jane gave the signal and we started in. Then came the boring: three hours of stomping through the woods, slowly, searching for signs that Joe Loong had wandered in this direction, calling out to each other every few minutes. I found nothing, Mom to my left found nothing, Hickory to my right found nothing, and Dickory to its right found nothing either. Not to be hopelessly shallow about it, but I thought it would be at least a little more interesting than it was. â€Å"Are we going to take a break anytime soon?† I asked Jane, walking up to her when she wandered into visual range. â€Å"You’re tired?† she said. â€Å"I would think that after all the training you do, a walk in the woods would be an easy thing.† I paused at this comment; I didn’t make any secret of my training with Hickory and Dickory – it would be hard to hide, given how much time I gave to it – but it’s not something that the two of us talked about much. â€Å"It’s not a stamina issue,† I said. â€Å"It’s a boredom issue. I’ve been scanning the forest floor for three hours. I’m getting a little punchy.† Jane nodded. â€Å"We’ll take a rest soon. If we don’t find something in this area in the next hour, I’ll regather people on the other side of Joe’s homestead and try over there,† she said. â€Å"You don’t mind me doing what I do with Hickory and Dickory, do you?† I asked. â€Å"It’s not like I talk about it to you much. Either with you or Dad.† â€Å"It worried us the first couple of weeks, when you came in covered with bruises and then went to sleep without actually saying hello to us,† Jane said. She kept walking and scanning as she talked. â€Å"And I was sorry it broke up your friendship with Enzo. But you’re old enough now to make your own choices about what you want to do with your time, and we both decided that we weren’t going to breathe down your neck about it.† I was about to say, Well, it wasn’t entirely my own choice to do this, but Jane kept talking. â€Å"Beside that, we think it’s smart,† she said. â€Å"I don’t know when we’ll be found, but I think we will be. I can take care of myself; John can take care of himself. We were soldiers. We’re happy to see that you’re learning to take care of yourself, too. When it comes down to it, it might be the thing that makes a difference.† I stopped walking. â€Å"Well, that was a depressing thing to say,† I said. Jane stopped and came back to me. â€Å"I didn’t mean it that way,† she said. â€Å"You just said I might be alone at the end of all this,† I said. â€Å"That each of us will have to take care of ourselves. That’s not exactly a happy thought, you know.† â€Å"I didn’t mean it that way,† Jane said. She reached over and touched the jade elephant pendant she had given me years ago. â€Å"John and I will never leave you, Zoe. Never abandon you. You need to know that. It’s a promise we made to you. What I am saying is that we will need each other. Knowing how to take care of ourselves means we are better able to help each other. You read "Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Sixteen" in category "Essay examples" It means that you will be able to help us. Think about that, Zoe. Everything might come down to what you are able to do. For us. And for the colony. That’s what I’m saying.† â€Å"I doubt it’s going to come to that,† I said. â€Å"Well, I doubt it too,† Jane said. â€Å"Or at least I hope it doesn’t come to that.† â€Å"Thanks,† I said, wryly. â€Å"You know what I mean,† Mom said. â€Å"I do,† I said. â€Å"I think it’s funny how bluntly you put it.† To the left of us there was a faint scream. Jane swiveled in its direction and then turned back to face me; her expression left very little doubt that whatever mom-daughter bonding moment we’d been having was at a very abrupt end. â€Å"Stay here,† she said. â€Å"Send word down the line to halt. Hickory, come with me.† The two of them sped off in the direction of the scream quietly at what seemed like an almost impossible high speed; I was suddenly reminded that, yes, in fact, my mom was a veteran warrior. There’s a thought for you. It was just now I finally had the tools to really appreciate it. Several minutes later Hickory returned to us, clicked something to Dickory in their native tongue as he passed, and looked at me. â€Å"Lieutenant Sagan says that you are to return to the colony with Dickory,† Hickory said. â€Å"Why?† I asked. â€Å"Have they found Joe?† â€Å"They have,† Hickory said. â€Å"Is he all right?† I asked. â€Å"He is dead,† Hickory said. â€Å"And Lieutenant Sagan believes there is reason to worry that the search parties may be in danger if they stay out here much longer.† â€Å"Why?† I asked. â€Å"Because of the fanties? Was he trampled or something?† Hickory looked at me levelly. â€Å"Zoe, you do not need me to remind you of your last trip into the forest and what followed you then.† I went very cold. â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"Whatever they are, they appear to follow the fantie herds as they migrate,† Hickory said. â€Å"They have followed those herds back here. And it appears that they found Joseph Loong in the woods.† â€Å"Oh my God,† I said. â€Å"I have to tell Jane.† â€Å"I assure you, she has figured it out,† Hickory said. â€Å"And I am to find Major Perry now, so he will know presently. This is being taken care of. The lieutenant asks for you to return to Croatoan. As do I. Dickory will accompany you. Go now. And I advise silence until your parents speak of this publicly.† Hickory strode off into the distance. I watched it go, and then headed home, fast, Dickory matching my strides, both of us moving quietly, as we had practiced so many times. The fact that Joe Loong was dead spread fast in the colony. Rumors of how he died spread even faster. Gretchen and I sat in front of Croatoan’s community center and watched a revolving cast of rumormongers offer up their takes. Jun Lee and Evan Black were the first to talk; they had been part of the group that had found Loong’s body. They were enjoying their moment in the spotlight as they told everyone who would listen about how they found Loong, and how he had been attacked, and how whatever had attacked him had eaten part of him. Some people speculated that a pack of yotes, the local carnivores, had cornered Joe Loong and brought him down, but Jun and Evan laughed at that. We’d all seen the yotes; they were the size of small dogs and ran from the colonists whenever they saw them (and for good reason, since the colonists had taken to shooting at them for bothering the livestock). No yote, or even a pack of yotes, they said, could have done to Joe what they’d seen had been done to him. Shortly after these gory tidbits had gotten around, the entire colony council met in Croatoan’s medical bay, where Loong’s body had been taken. The fact that the government was being pulled into it made people suspect it might actually have been murder (the fact that the â€Å"government† in this case was just twelve people who spent most of their time hoeing rows like everyone else didn’t matter). Loong had been seeing a woman who’d recently dumped her husband, so now the husband was a prime suspect; maybe he’d followed Loong into the woods, killed him, and then yotes had at him. This theory made Jun and Evan unhappy – their version with a mysterious predator was much more sexy – but everyone else seemed to like it better. The inconvenient fact that the presumed murderer in this case had already been in Jane’s custody on a different charge and couldn’t possibly have done the deed seemed to escape most people’s notice. Gretchen and I knew the murder rumor had nothing to it, and that Jun and Evan’s theory was closer to reality than not, but we kept our mouths shut. Adding what we knew wouldn’t make anyone feel less paranoid at the moment. â€Å"I know what it is,† Magdy said, to a bunch of male friends. I nudged Gretchen with an elbow and motioned with my head at Magdy. She rolled her eyes and very loudly called him over before he could say anything else. â€Å"Yes?† he said. â€Å"Are you stupid?† Gretchen asked. â€Å"See, this is what I miss about you, Gretchen,† Magdy said. â€Å"Your charm.† â€Å"Just like what I miss about you is your brains,† Gretchen said. â€Å"What were you about to say to your little group of friends, I wonder?† â€Å"I was going to tell them about what happened when we followed the fanties,† Magdy said. â€Å"Because you think it would be smart at the moment to give people another reason to panic,† Gretchen said. â€Å"No one’s panicking,† Magdy said. â€Å"Not yet,† I said. â€Å"But if you start telling that story, you’re not going to help things, Magdy.† â€Å"I think people should know what we’re up against,† Magdy said. â€Å"We don’t know what we’re up against,† I said. â€Å"We never actually saw anything. You’re just going to be adding to the rumors. Let my parents and Gretchen’s dad and the rest of the council do their jobs right now and figure out what’s actually going on and what to tell people without you making their job harder.† â€Å"I’ll take that under advisement, Zoe,† Magdy said, and turned to go back to his pals. â€Å"Fine,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Take this under advisement, too: You tell your pals there about what followed us out there in the woods, and I’ll tell them the part where you ended up eating dirt because Hickory dropped you to the ground after you panicked and took a shot at him.† â€Å"A really lousy shot,† I said. â€Å"One where you almost blew off your own toe.† â€Å"Good point,† Gretchen said. â€Å"We’ll have fun telling that part.† Magdy narrowed his eyes at both of us and stomped off toward his pals without another word. â€Å"Think it’ll work?† I asked. â€Å"Of course it’ll work,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Magdy’s ego is the size of a planet. The amount of time and effort he puts into doing things to make himself look good is astounding. He’s not going to let us mess with that.† As if on cue, Magdy glanced over at Gretchen. She waved and smiled. Magdy surreptitiously flipped her off and started talking to his friends. â€Å"See,† Gretchen said. â€Å"He’s not that hard to understand.† â€Å"You liked him once,† I reminded her. â€Å"I still like him,† Gretchen said. â€Å"He’s very cute, you know. And funny. He just needs to pull his head out of a certain part of his anatomy. Maybe in another year he’ll be tolerable.† â€Å"Or two,† I said. â€Å"I’m optimistic,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Anyway, that’s one rumor squashed for now.† â€Å"It’s not really a rumor,† I said. â€Å"We really were followed that night. Hickory said so.† â€Å"I know,† Gretchen said. â€Å"And it’s going to come out sooner or later. I’d just rather not have it involve us. My dad still doesn’t know I did all that sneaking out, and he’s the sort of guy that believes in retroactive punishment.† â€Å"So you’re not really worried about avoiding panic,† I said. â€Å"You’re just covering your own tail.† â€Å"Guilty,† Gretchen said. â€Å"But avoiding panic is how I’m rationalizing it.† But as it happens, we didn’t avoid panic for long. Paulo Gutierrez was a member of the colonial council, and it was there he found out that Joe Loong had not only been killed, but that he’d been murdered – and not by a human being. There really was something else out there. Something smart enough to make spears and knives. Something smart enough to turn poor Joe Loong into food. The council members had been ordered by my parents not to talk about this fact yet, in order to avoid a panic. Paulo Gutierrez ignored them. Or, actually, defied them. â€Å"They told me it was covered by something called the State Secrets Act, and that I couldn’t tell you about it,† Gutierrez told a group that surrounded him and a few other men, all carrying rifles. â€Å"I say to hell with that. There’s something that’s out there right now, killing us. They have weapons. They say they follow the fantie herds, but I think they could have just been in the woods all this time, sizing us up, so they would know how to hunt us. They hunted Joe Loong. Hunted him and killed him. Me and the boys here are planning to return the favor.† And then Gutierrez and his hunting party tromped off in the direction of the woods. Gutierrez’s declaration and news of his hunting party raced through the colony. I heard about it as kids came running up to the community center with all the latest; by that time Gutierrez and his crew had already been in the woods for a while. I went to tell my parents, but John and Jane were already off to bring back the hunting party. The two of them were former military; I didn’t think they would have any trouble bringing them back. But I was wrong. John and Jane found the hunting party, but before they could drag them back, the creatures in the woods ambushed them all. Gutierrez and all his men were killed in the attack. Jane was stabbed in the gut. John chased after the fleeing creatures and caught up with them at the tree line, where they attacked another colonist at his homestead. That colonist was Hiram Yoder, one of the Mennonites who helped save the colony by training the rest of us how to plant and farm without the help of computerized machinery. He was a pacifist and didn’t try to fight the creatures. They killed him anyway. In the space of a couple of hours, six colonists were dead, and we learned that we weren’t alone on Roanoke – and what was here with us was getting used to hunting us. But I was more worried about my mom. â€Å"You can’t see her yet,† Dad said to me. â€Å"Dr. Tsao is working on her right now.† â€Å"Is she going to be okay?† I asked. â€Å"She’ll be okay,† Dad said. â€Å"She said it was not as bad as it looked.† â€Å"How bad did it look?† I asked him. â€Å"It looked bad,† Dad said, and then realized that honesty wasn’t really what I was looking for at the moment. â€Å"But, look, she ran after those things after she’d been wounded. If she had been really injured, she wouldn’t have been able to do that, right? Your mom knows her own body. I think she’ll be fine. And anyway, she’s being worked on right now. I wouldn’t be at all surprised if she’s walking around like nothing happened by this time tomorrow.† â€Å"You don’t have to lie to me,† I said, although per the previous comment he was actually telling me what I wanted to hear. â€Å"I’m not lying,† Dad said. â€Å"Dr. Tsao is excellent at what she does. And your mom is a very fast healer these days.† â€Å"Are you okay?† I asked. â€Å"I’ve had better days,† he said, and something flat and tired in his voice made me decide not to press the matter any further. I gave him a hug and told him I was going to visit Gretchen and would be over there for a while, in order to stay out of his hair. Night was falling as I stepped out of our bungalow. I looked out toward Croatoan’s gate and saw colonists streaming in from their homesteads; no one, it seemed, wanted to spend the night outside the walls of the colony village. I didn’t blame them one bit. I turned to head to Gretchen’s and was mildly surprised to see her striding up under full steam. â€Å"We have a problem,† she said to me. â€Å"What is it?† I said. â€Å"Our idiot friend Magdy has taken a group of his friends into the forest,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Oh, God,† I said. â€Å"Tell me Enzo isn’t with him.† â€Å"Of course Enzo’s with him,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Enzo’s always with him. Trying to talk sense to him even as he’s following him right off a cliff.† How to cite Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Sixteen, Essay examples

The Management Of An Ecommerce Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Of An Ecommerce. Answer: Introduction E-commerce business set up requires fulfilling of a number of criteria protecting rights of the buyers and target demographics. In this particular report, the major issues and challenges of setting up the E-commerce business of a clothing retailer, Style Icon, have been discussed. In the meanwhile, the potential security and fraud issues associated to the eBusiness have been elaborated. Identification of the security and fraud related threats in E-commerce business will be evident to develop a risk mitigation plan describing the methods to counter the potential security concerns and online frauds (Anandarajan and Simmers, 2012). By conducting the risk analysis associated to the eBusiness of Style Icon, an effective mitigation plan has been developed to protect the business as well as the customers from potential online threats and fraud issues (Hinde, 2015). Furthermore, the report has described the potential ethical and legal challenges attached to the eBusiness of the retail company. In addition, the study has investigated the key concepts related to the ethical and legal issues that might affect the proceedings of the E-commerce business of Style Icon. At the end of the report, the process that can be utilised to solve the ethical and legal issues affecting the eBusiness has been discussed. Security and Fraud Issues The E-commerce business of Style Icon, the retail clothing brand has to deal with a number of security and fraudulent issues in the online platform. In this particular section of the report, the most evident security and fraudulent challenges to be faced by the eBusiness have been analysed as follows: Privacy Concerns Privacy of customers visiting the website has been a major challenge for the E-commerce providers in the recent times. Due to technological advancement, theft of identity of the consumers and impersonation has become some serious privacy concerns that must be handled effectively by the E-commerce businesses (Kahn and Liares-Zegarra, 2012). For instance, E-commerce providers should deliver a secured online platform and payment gateway to the customers so that private information such as credit card and debit card numbers will be kept highly secure. Evidently, the E-commerce business of Style Icon must deliver disclaimer through the privacy policies to maintain the privacy of the online customers both offline and online (Martin, 2015). Integrity, Client Authentication, and Non-repudiation In any E-commerce business set up, data integrity, authentication of the target audience, and non-repudiation can determine the sustainability of the business. In the E-commerce business platform, Style Icon has to provide the assurance to the online customers that every data transmitted is correct. In the meanwhile, the verification of the transmitted data will certify that data has not tampered during the phase of transmission by any third party (Cheeseman, 2007). At the same point of time, the authentication of the customers must be developed so that online transactions will be secured. In addition, the E-commerce providers must deliver non-repudiation towards the clients to assure the transactions through online medium. Technical Attacks Technical attacks can be identified as one of the most serious challenges to be tackled by the eBusiness organisations in terms of delivering security. For instance, Denial of service (DoS) attacks can paralyse the normal activities of an E-commerce business. By overwhelming a server, such attacks can create massive difficulty for the hosts (Roberts, 2013). Therefore, the E-commerce business of Style Icon must develop defending efforts to deal with such security challenges. Phishing Attacks and Social Engineering In case of describing the criminal fraudulent issues in the E-commerce business, the phishing attack can be identified as the most concerning process. By using masquerading technique applied in electronic communication, the process can hack any sensitive data and information such as user name, credit card details, and high-security passwords, etc (Bottiglieri, 2011). Apart from that, social engineering is another fraudulent issue that can manipulate the actions of users to divulge confidential and sensitive data and information. In this method, fraudsters utilises Trojans horses, a malware system to get the sensitive data from the E-commerce set up (Atkins and Huang, 2013). Meanwhile, these are the two most evident fraudulent issues to be considered by eBusiness providers. Email Frauds and Scams Another major security problem that is faced by the e-commerce businesses in the recent years is the email frauds and scams (Panwar, 2014). It can be seen that some thieves are sending email on behalf of the company in order to collect private information of the customers. Recently, several cases of spam emails claiming that the receiver has won a huge amount of price have been filed in Australia and several other countries (Panwar, 2014). This sort of scams lead to loss of reputation of the firm and creates a feeling of insecurity among the customers. Hence, it is important for the management of Style Icon to take care of such issues and make the customers aware that the company will never ask for personal information such as credit card number or passwords through email or phone calls. Mitigation Plan for security and fraud issues It is important for the Style Icon to develop a security and fraud risk mitigation plan in order to keep the online transactions safe and maintain the safety of data of the consumers. Furthermore, the risk mitigation plan is required by the firm to meet the legal terms and stay safe from legal actions in the future (Hoffman and McGinley, 2010). The mitigation plan that can be used by the e-commerce business has been presented herein below: Mitigation Plan for Security and Fraud Issues Activities Description Person Responsible Develop a security and fraud risk mitigation policy First of all the management of Style Icon need to develop a policy statement regarding the identification, analysis and mitigation of security and fraud risk in the e-commerce operations (Costa, 2011). The policy document will include the role of the key members and their responsibilities in controlling the issues. IT management and customer service department Employee awareness training An employee awareness training program must be organised by the management to make the workers aware of the security and fraud issues (Martin, 2015). The training program will teach the employees to handle such situations and strengthen the workforce in terms of security and fraud activities. HR department Use secure payment gateway Style Icon must use a secure third party payment gateway in order to make secure transactions of money (Martin, 2015). IT department Use secure connection for online checkout The company must use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) authentication for the website and data protection (Cheeseman, 2013). It helps the company and its customers from getting the essential information stolen. IT department Do not store sensitive data It is important for the ecommerce organisation to note that the website do store sensitive data of the customers such as CVV (Card Verification Value) Codes or passwords (Martin, 2015). IT department Implement a strong verification system The security or IT department of the company will take care of the verification system. For instance, during the change of password, the customer needs to use verified email id and phone numbers (Martin, 2015). Also, the customers have to answer different verification questions in order to change the password. IT department Set-up system alerts for suspicious activity The activities in the website and related to the name of the company must be tracked in order to get aware of any sort of suspicious activities (Costa, 2011). The security department can set up an alert notice for suspicious and multiple transactions that take place through a particular IP address. IT department Implement a whistle blowing hotline A whistle blowing hotline system must be implemented that can be used by the company to accept complaints from the consumers regarding security and fraud issues related to the company (Tomlinson, 2010). Customer Service department Develop a security and fraud response management plan The management of the firm must develop a security and fraud response management plan in order to answer and solve the queries of the consumers regarding the occurrence of such issues (Costa, 2011). IT department and customer service department Create awareness The marketing department must create awareness among the consumers regarding the email and phone scams that are taking place in the recent days (Cheeseman, 2013). For instance, the management can send mails or message to the customers stating that the company will never ask for personal information and high security data (Tomlinson, 2010). Additionally, the company will never offer any sort of suspicious offers or price money to the consumers. Customer service department Ethical and Legal Issues In the E-commerce business platform, Style Icon has to deal with a number of ethical issues related to information technology that have been applied to the eBusiness. Although vastness of internet popularity has delivered significant platform for E-commerce business, it is the responsibility of the E-commerce providers to offer safe and secure transactions and access. Effectively, the ethical and legal issues associated to the E-commerce business in Australia have been discussed herein below: Web Tracking Web tracking has been identified as one of the major ethical challenges to any eBusiness. E-commerce businesses draw customer related information using the log files. Furthermore, by using cookie analysis and tracking software, E-commerce websites can trace the online preferences and movement of the individual consumers (Salehnia, 2012). In the meanwhile, such online application and tracking activities should be performed following ethical guidelines. Privacy of Consumers During the tracking and monitoring of the activities of the online consumers, privacy of the visitors should be maintained by the E-commerce business. Precisely, the privacy policy of the eBusiness must confirm that the portal will not save the sensitive and confidential data and information of the clients following the ethical guidelines. Internet Fraud E-commerce fraud can be identified as one of the leading legal issues to be tackled by any eBusiness. Therefore, as per the Australian Statutory Regulations, E-commerce business firms have to follow the guidelines and regulations stated in the Australian Consumer Law (Cth). During the E-commerce business set up, the obligation of consumer law and cyber security terms must be followed so that internet fraudulent through E-commerce portals can be avoided (Nasir, 2014). Copyright In developing the E-commerce business, the management of Style Icon must identify the copyright laws that are implemented to protect the intellectual property of any business (Nasir, 2014). For instance, in case of purchasing software for commercial purpose should be utilised as per the copyright laws. Also, copying contents for developing E-commerce portal should be avoided to refrain from copyright laws. Domain Names In an E-commerce business, contest over the domain name can be termed as one of the leading legal issues. Internet addresses of the E-commerce portals should be checked and verified so that domain names cannot create untoward legal challenges (Cross et al., 2012). Domain names are considered as trademark of a business. Hence, similar domain names should be avoided to evade legal consequences. Solutions for addressing the ethical and legal issues In order to protect the E-commerce site from potential ethical and legal issues, security experts solution and technological assistance must be taken into account. In the underlying section, some of the solutions have been described as follows: Select a secure E-commerce Platform Style Icon, the newly introduced apparel E-commerce business must choose a secure E-commerce platform that utilises object-oriented programming language for the E-commerce website. By using such secure platform, the E-commerce business can protect the administration panel from the online attackers (Schiff, 2013). In this way, security of an E-commerce business can be increased to handle the privacy issues and legal challenges. Develop and get approval for ethical guidelines and legal policy The management of Style Icon need to develop ethical and legal policy guidelines that will be followed during all operations of the firm. It is important to keep in mind that the ethical guidelines and legal policies are developed keeping in mind all sorts of e-transaction issues and government policies (Schiff, 2013). The legal policy and ethical guideline documents must include rules and regulations related to maintenance of customer privacy, security of customer information, copyright statements, and domain information (Davies, 2008). Furthermore, the ethical guidelines and legal policy documents must be verified by authorised bodies and proper approval must be taken in order to start the e-business in the Australian market. Consider all legal requirements and licensing The management of Style Icon must consult with legal advisors to check whether the policy and guidelines of the company match with the legal requirements. Furthermore, all licensing requirements such as domain name, company incorporation certificate, and e-commerce business license must be approved from the government of Australia (Schiff, 2013). Additionally, the ethical requirements related to HR management must also be met by the firm. Describe the terms and conditions to the consumers and take their approval The e-commerce website must provide all terms and conditions related to the formation of the user accounts, the transactions e-commerce portal, and the product and services. Additionally, proper approval of the consumers must be taken to know whether the customers are aware of the terms and conditions through e-verification and e-signature of the users (Wales, 2013). Take permission from the consumers while storing their data The permission of the consumers must be taken while saving their personal data and information. For instance, the company must mention that it will store the personal data of the user such as email ID, address, name, phone number and other information (Landrock, 2012). The mobile application of the company must ask for permission before using the device location of the user. Copyright terms and condition must be presented in the e-commerce portal The copyright terms and conditions of the company must be presented in the e-commerce portal to be safe from misuse and reuse of data by other companies. Additionally, the copyright regulations must state that no third party is allowed to use the information and pictures available over the website for commercial purpose (Landrock, 2012). Conclusion By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that an e-commerce business like Style Icon need to face several security and fraud related risk while and after commencing its operations. Hence, it is important for the management of the firm to identify the security and fraud risk to develop a proper risk mitigation plan. Furthermore, the company needs to face several ethical and legal challenges that must be considered in order to operate safely and smoothly in the Australian market. Conclusively, proper security risk mitigation plan and consideration of the ethical and legal requirements can be helpful for the company to be safe from legal obligations and future uncertainties. References Anandarajan, M. and Simmers, C. (2012).Managing web usage in the workplace. 2nd ed. Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Atkins, B. and Huang, W. (2013). A Study of Social Engineering in Online Frauds.Open Journal of Social Sciences, 01(03), pp.23-32. Bottiglieri, W. (2011). Electronic Signatures And The Statute Of Frauds.Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS), 4(1), p.113. Cheeseman, H. (2007).The legal environment of business and online commerce. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cheeseman, H. (2013).Business law. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Costa, E. (2011).Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. 3rd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. Cross, F., Miller, R., Cross, F. and Cross, F. (2012).The legal environment of business. 3rd ed. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Davies, A. (2008).The development of laws on electronic documents and e-commerce transactions. 1st ed. Ottawa: Library of Parliament. Hinde, S. (2015). Identity theft: theft, loss and giveaways.Computer Fraud Security, 5(5), pp.18-20. Hoffman, S. and McGinley, T. (2010).Identity theft. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. Kahn, C. and Liares-Zegarra, J. (2012). Identity Theft and Consumer Payment Choice: Does Security Really Matter?.SSRN Electronic Journal. Landrock, P. (2012). Security the Building Block for E-commerce Growth.Computer Fraud Security, 20(9), pp.7-8. Martin, E. (2015).Managing information technology. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Nasir, M. (2014). Legal issues involved in E-commerce.Ubiquity, p.2. Panwar, A. (2014). Cyber Crime Through Social Engineering.SSRN Electronic Journal. Roberts, M. (2013).Internet marketing. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Salehnia, A. (2012).Ethical issues of information systems. 3rd ed. Hershey: IRM Press. Schiff, J. (2013).15 Ways to Protect Your Ecommerce Site From Hacking and Fraud. [online] CIO. Available at: https://www.cio.com/article/2384809/e-commerce/15-ways-to-protect-your-ecommerce-site-from-hacking-and-fraud.html [Accessed Oct. 2017]. Tomlinson, M. (2010). Tackling E-commerce Security Issues Head On.Computer Fraud Security, 5(11), pp.10-13. Wales, E. (2013). E-commerce Counts Cost of Online Card Fraud.Computer Fraud Security, 15(1), pp.9-11.

Japanese Canadians During Wwii free essay sample

Japanese people were blamed for everything from a bad crop to a flat tire† (Biase). Japanese Canadians claimed they were given many dirty and hateful looks, and overheard â€Å"people cursing at Japanese for their car troubles† (Biase). The Japanese Canadians were being punished for a crime they did not commit. Canada’s only defence for its actions was that, â€Å"Japanese people were not white and they ‘could’ be spies† (Biase). This meant people were suspicious and literally afraid of Japanese for being spies sent from Japan.As a result, Japanese Canadians had to deal with being blamed for things they did not deserve, thus resulting in being treated unjustly as a human being. This notice was distributed throughout British Columbia. If any Japanese were found in the prohibited areas listed, they would be incarcerated. Thirdly, the Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps across Canada against their will. In Canada, there were 10 internment camps where, â€Å"3 were road camps, 2 were prisoner of war camps (POW) and 5 were self-supporting camps† (Robinson). We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Canadians During Wwii or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Internment camps is a â€Å"large detention  center created for political opponents,  enemy aliens, people with  mental illness, members of specific ethnic or religious groups, civilian inhabitants of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, usually during a war† (Dictionary). In this case, internment camps in Canada at the time were designed for only Japanese Canadians. Internment camps were labour/work camps, which required heavy-duty work for the 22,000 imprisoned Japanese Canadians to do.Since World War II caused a large shortage of farmers, especially sugar beet farmers, the Security Commission Council organized, â€Å"Sugar beet projects to combat the labour shortage. This gave Japanese males a choice. The choice was to work in road camps as slaves or go to the beet camps and be with their families. Working in the beet camp was the choice taken by the majority of Japanese married men† (Biase). Considering the Japanese Canadians had to live inside the camps, the living conditions inside the internment camps were poor. They were crowded and were primitive with no electricity or running water.A story from Hideo Kukubo tells what life was like during the war: â€Å"I was in that camp for four years. When it got cold the temperature went down to as much as 60 below. The buildings stood on flat land beside a lake. We lived in huts with no insulation. Even if we had the stove burning the inside of the windows would all be frosted up and white, really white. I had to lie in bed with everything on that I had at one time there were 720 people there, all men, and a lot of them were old men. This is just one of the many horrible stories the Japanese Canadians experienced.Therefore, the Japanese Canadians were treated unfairly when they were forced to work and live in internment camps. In conclusion, the Japanese Canadians suffered during the period 1929 to 1945. They had their property and rights taken from them, they were blamed for unnecessary things and forced into camps where labour was the only thing you did all day. Therefore, when Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced a historic redress settlement for the Japanese Canadians on September 22, 1988, it truly was the best thing to do, even though it was long overdue.

7 Typical Mistakes in Essay Writing

7 Typical Mistakes in Essay Writing When writing essay for college or university, students often face a great brain fog and practical hurdles that knack them from writing a good quality essay. Students make many mistakes while doing essay writing. Top 7 typical mistakes in essay writing include: Poor objective planning that leads to many more problems in essay writing Poor selection of topic and main content areas Poor understanding of selected topic and content areas. Such poor ideation further makes complex and completed thinking blocks that hinder the progress of writing. Inappropriate available sources and references are also responsible for the poor quality and bad impression in essay writing. Lack of writing skills can be a trouble for few who don’t believe in themselves and are afraid of writing at their own. Such fears give birth to many other problems and it ones one of the 7 typical mistakes in essay writing. Inappropriate technical assistance and lack of grammatical approach is another mistake that causes mistakes in essay writing. Many students make mistake of applying grammar and spell checks inappropriately that further reduces the impression of their write-ups.

Pamela Colman Smith Biography

Pamela Colman Smith Biography Pamela Colman Smith is perhaps best known for her design of the iconic Rider Waite Tarot cards, the deck that many  new Tarot readers choose to learn the ropes on. Smith was an unconventional, bohemian artist who traveled the world and rubbed elbows with people like Bram Stoker and William Butler Yeats. Fast Facts: Pamela Colman Smith Full Name: Pamela Colman SmithParents: Charles Edward Smith and Corinne ColmanBorn: February 16, 1878 in Pimlico, London, EnglandDied: September 18, 1951 in Bude, Cornwall, EnglandKnown For: Designed artwork for Rider Waite Smith cards, illustrated works by Stoker and Yeats, wrote and illustrated her own books. Early Years Pamela Colman Smith (1878-1951) was born in London, but she spent her childhood in Manchester and Jamaica with her parents. Smith was biracial; her mother was Jamaican and her father was a white American. As a teenager, Smith- nicknamed Pixie- attended art school in New York City, at  the Pratt Institute. After her mother passed away in 1896, Smith left Pratt without graduating to join a traveling theater group and lead the nomadic life of a troubadour. In addition to working onstage, Smith developed a reputation as a skilled costume and set designer. During the early part of the twentieth century, this was an unusual occupation for a young, single woman. She was also active in the women’s suffrage movement around the turn of the century. Pamela Colman Smith, the creator of the RWS Tarot deck, around 1912. Public domain / Wikimedia Commons Little is known about her romantic life, although Smith never married or had children. It’s certainly possible that she preferred women; scholars have speculated about her relationships with housemate Nora Lake, as well as Smith’s close friend, actress Edith Craig, who was definitely a lesbian. Smith surrounded herself with creative, intelligent people who valued her passion for art and her exotic appearance as well as her free spirit. Artistic Career Smith developed a stylized look that soon put her in high demand as an illustrator, and some of her most popular drawings were utilized in works by  Bram Stoker  and  William Butler Yeats. In addition, she wrote and illustrated her own books, including a collection of Jamaican folktales called Annancy Stories. According to Dianca London Potts, Smith became known for her miniature theatrical pieces inspired by Jamaican folklore and her illustrations, which helped her create a name for herself within artist circles in New York and abroad. She became a sought after illustrator and buzzworthy figure within her community. In 1907, photographer and art promoter Alfred Stieglitz gave Smith exhibition space for a collection of her paintings. She was the first painter to have her work exhibited in his gallery, as he primarily focused on the new art form of photography. Artwork by Pamela Colman Smith, 1913. Russian Ballet,  Bobbs-Merrill Co, New York, via Wikimedia Commons Her early work with William Butler Yeats- she illustrated a book of his verses- would prove to be the catalyst for some changes in Smith’s life. In 1901, he introduced her to his friends in the  Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. At some point in her Golden Dawn experience, she met the poet and mystic Edward Waite. Around 1909, Waite commissioned Smith to do the artwork for a new Tarot deck he was interested in creating. Waite wanted to see a Tarot deck in which every card was illustrated- which was something completely new. Up until this point,  throughout the history of Tarot, decks primarily had illustrations only on  the Major Arcana, and sometimes the court cards. The only known example of a fully illustrated deck up until this point was the  Sola Busca  deck, commissioned by a wealthy Milanese family in the 1490s. Waite suggested Smith use  Sola Busca  for her inspiration, and there are many similarities in the symbolism between the two decks. Smith was the first artist to use characters as representative images in the lower cards. Rather than just showing a group of cups, coins, wands or swords, Smith worked human beings into the mix and created a rich tapestry of occult symbolism that set the gold standard for modern Tarot decks. Her original images were created using Smiths preferred medium of gouache, a type of opaque watercolor mixed with natural pigments and a binding agent, and often found in advertising illustrations. The resulting collection of 78 cards was published by Rider and Sons, and sold for a whopping six shillings as the first mass market Tarot deck. Thanks to the publisher and Edward Waite, the deck became known commercially as the Rider Waite deck, although in some circles it is now referred to as the Waite Smith deck, or even Rider Waite Smith, as credit to the artist. Two years after creating her iconic Tarot images, Smith converted to Catholicism, and a decade or so later, she used money from an inheritance to open a home for priests in Cornwall, England. Although she continued to produce illustrations, including several for the war effort during World War II, Smith didnt make much money from her work, and never earned royalties from her Tarot images. Although her artwork was popular, she never gained mass commercial success, and she died penniless in Cornwall in September 1951. Afterwards, her personal effects- including unsold artwork- were auctioned off to settle outstanding debt. Sources Alfred Stieglitz and Pamela Colman Smith, pcs2051.tripod.com/stieglitz_archive.htm.Kaplan, Stuart R., et al.  Pamela Colman Smith: the Untold Story. U.S. Games Systems, Inc., 2018.Potts, Dianca L. â€Å"Who Was Pamela Colman Smith? The Mystic Woman behind the Rider-Waite Tarot Deck - The Lily.†Ã‚  Https://Www.thelily.com, The Lily, 26 July 2018, www.thelily.com/who-was-pamela-colman-smith-the-mystic-woman-behind-the-rider-waite-tarot-deck/.Ramgopal, Lakshmi. â€Å"Demystifying Pamela Colman Smith.†Ã‚  Shondaland, Shondaland, 6 July 2018, www.shondaland.com/inspire/books/a21940524/demystifying-pamela-colman-smith/.

Citizen Kane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Citizen Kane - Essay Example The key aspect of Kane's character contribution to the tragedy plot lies in his character flaw. This is of pivotal significance in the plot propagation as it triggers the cause and effect set of events that will evoke pity and fear in the audience. Kane’s tragic flaw lies in his failure to grow and mature into a responsible man. The elements of his flaw are embodied in his failure to manipulate his charm and panache to materialise into something feasible in his quest for happiness. His flaw is also heightened in his selfishness reflected in his insatiable desire for women. He collects wives, possessions and animals in his pleasure dome but never gets the satisfaction that he longs for. The protagonist character flaw is one fundamental of the Aristotelian philosophy of tragedy.This aspect on Kane is well enunciated by Peter J Pullicino ( Critically Appraise Citizen Kane as Cinema:2008 ). â€Å"Even a cursory summary of the fragments leads us to an imposing list of contradictio ns: Kane is the dashing hero and a grotesque tyrant, an idealist and a cynic, and egotist and a defender of the common man, a child who never grew up, and a man who never had a childhood†¦".

A Report On Observation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Report On Observation - Assignment Example Introduction I spent about 10 hours observing at the SAY San Diego After School Program at Hearst Elementary in San Diego, CA. The children ranged from Kindergarten to 5th grade, which is approximately three to eleven years of age, and numbered up to 90, depending on the day. The program utilized the auditorium, cafeteria, outside eating area, and the playground of an older school. Snacks were served on each school day, and the children ate lunch together on one day (minimum day for the school). Each day also had between 45 and 90 minutes of play, some guided, some free time. Discussion The day care program highly observed hygiene measures. Teachers and students were expected to wash their hands after playing outdoors, before eating (and serving the food), and after using the restroom (Marotz, Cross, & Rush, 2011). Teachers are not allowed to enter the restrooms, unless there is an emergency, so they could only examine the cleanliness of children’s hands after they exited the restroom, but all children were examined to make sure the hands were clean looking. Any child who did not have clean hands was sent back in to wash with soap and water. It was hard to gauge the number of children who followed the correct procedure as many of the children are out of sight from the staff when washing their hands. Though when they washed their hands in the activity room, the result was about 65% followed the correct procedure. The general faults made were in making sure the backs of the hands got soaped up and in rinsing off the soap completely. This is because most of the children washed their hands in haste. When the children were being observed in this room, they were reminded of the correct way of washing their hands by observing their teachers of who always used the correct procedure (Marotz, Cross, & Rush, 2011). The school does not have access to warm water as all the taps are of cold water. The program cannot fix this fault. There were no children in diapers as most of the young children were old enough to use the restroom under the supervision of their teachers. The program and facility do a fantastic job on attempting to prevent infections. The school has two full-time custodians, who clean the areas inside and around the program. The workers cleaned all the surfaces that the children worked, played, and ate on. This they always did before the program opened. They did the same after they are used by the children. Each teacher also carries a first aid pack with him or her at all times. I only saw one child who needed a Band-Aid. Because of the rules and regulations handed down to the program by its parent non-profit committee and the school district that owns the facility, teachers are only allowed to put a Band-Aid on a child. They cannot help clean any wound, and they cannot put any medication on the area if it is not prescribed by a physician (Marotz, Cross, & Rush, 2011). I believe this could be fixed if the program could afford a nu rse on duty at all times, but unless the parents of the children decided to pay for it, that will not happen. The youngest children are kindergarteners, and all students in the program are expected to be potty trained. Teachers are always with children at the bathrooms, but they never go in with the children. I saw no safety issues that were out of the ordinary for the children during school time. They played on an asphalt playground that had dirt and sand that had blown on to it, so there was a slipping

Identity theft and fraud Essay Example for Free

Identity theft and fraud Essay Identity theft and credit card fraud are two of the fastest growing white collar crimes in society today. Identity thieves and credit card fraud perpetrators are aided by todays continually developing technologies and low technology and crude methods like Dumpster diving or trash retrieval. However, more often than not, it is their victims own carelessness and public lack of awareness that often turn out to be these criminals biggest ally. On November 2007, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released a report that put the number of cases of Identity theft reported in 2005 at 8. 9 million American adults or approximately 3. 7 percent of the US adult population. (FTC Releases Survey of Identity Theft in the U. S. Study Shows 8. 3 Million Victims in 2005) What is Identity theft? By definition, identity theft is what happens when someone other than ones self and without their knowledge uses his/her personal information such as social security and credit card numbers. With this information, it is easy for thieves to run up bills by ordering items on line or even apply for credit cards in the victims name. They of course get the benefit of spending while their poor victim is left with stacks of bills for purchases they did not make on cards they do not own. Some of these victims have even gone to jail and made to pay up debts they were not even aware existed (Identity Theft: How to, 24. ) There are a number of ways by which identity thieves and credit card frauds can victimize unsuspecting and hardworking citizens. The growing number of reports of instances where people are penalized for bills and financial charges they were not even aware of is alarming. What is even more alarming however is very few people are aware of how such incidents may be prevented by simple common sense measures. Detroit based Attorney and president of the American Bankruptcy Institute Richardo Kilpatrick stresses the importance of quick action saying that the longer the victim waits to dispute bills raised through fraud, the fewer rights they can expect to have. If not done properly, victims may be made responsible for the credit card charges. (24) To avoid credit card fraud and identity theft, the FTC along with other law enforcement and consumer advocacy groups recommend the following common-sense guidelines (Facts for Consumers) to protect themselves from identity theft and credit card fraud: 1. Keep your credit card in sight every time you use it. Make sure it is returned as quickly as possible. Unscrupulous people may easily write down your card number as well as other pertinent information found on your card. There are also electronic devices called skimmers (Shannon) that can not only read and copy card information embedded in the cards magnetic strip but also the verification codes that are needed by merchants to validate cards electronically from the issuing card companies. All the data downloaded by the skimmer are all a card counterfeiter needs to produce perfect duplicates of credit cards. 2. Keep identification, licenses and credit cards separate from your wallet. In case you are out shopping and your wallet gets snatched, at least your Ids and credit cards remain safe. Jason King, a spokesman for the American Association of Motor Vehicles Administrators (AAMVA) says that there are many ways an identity thief or common burglar may use a stolen drivers license and credit card. Access to someones drivers license, for example, leads to an amazing number of other opportunities in our society, he says, such as obtaining financial and health services, and everything else from renting a car to cashing a check and boarding an airplane. (Boulard) In a case cited in the US Department of Justice web site, a woman in the Southern District of Florida plead guilty to counts of federal charges on her applying for an obtaining a drivers license in the name of her victim. The said license was used by the woman to withdraw more that $13,000 from her victims bank account as well as applying for and receiving five department store credit cards in her victims name which she the used to rack up bills amounting to $4,000. (Identity Theft para. 16) In some cases, where ID cards have been stolen, thieves have been known to break into the homes of their victims stealing from them a second time. 3. Ignore emails that request for credit card information for verification purposes. Never entertain e-mail messages asking you to go to a web site to verify your personal and credit card information. There is a scam called phishing where computer-savvy identity thieves construct mirror web sites of legit companies such as PayPal or banks, that trick customers into divulging their personal and financial information. (OSullivan) 4. Sign credit cards as soon as you receive them. 5. Shred and dispose all credit card applications you receive in the mail. If thieves can get these applications it means they could also have gotten or have access to mail containing your personal information. Some thieves also resort to low-tech and old fashioned methods such as swiping mail from mailboxes, diving through trash cans and dumpsters, or working in league with employees of postal and card companies. At times, they also work with employees at restaurants, hotels and establishments that accept credit card payments warns Johnny May, an independent security consultant and author of Johnny Mays Guide to Preventing Identity Theft: How Criminals Steal Your Personal Information, How to Prevent it, and What to Do if You Become a Victim (Security Resources Unlimited L. L. C. ) (Young) The FTC also advises bank clients to tear up the change of address: forms that come with bank statements. In some cases, mail, pre-approved credit cards and other financial documents have been diverted by identity thieves to another address simply by filling out the banks change of address form that they dug out of your dumpster. 6. Never write your PIN numbers on ATM and credit cards. Once the card is stolen, the readiness of information on the card will just make it easier for thieves to bypass whatever validation or verification processes done by the card companies. When it comes to it, dont put slips of paper containing these PIN numbers in your wallet either. 7. Avoid leaving credit card receipts, bills and documents containing personal and financial information lying around even in familiar surroundings. In the magazine article Stolen Lives: Identity Theft Is the Countrys Fastest Growing Crime. Heres How to Protect Your Most Valuable Asset-You! by Stephanie Young, she details the experience of Tahira Scott who was victimized by her housemate who was also her cousin. We started getting bills in someone elses name. Then two employees from a car dealership came to Scotts job to see if the person who had tried to purchase a vehicle in her name was actually her. Although she was a little suspicious, Scott says she had no idea about her cousins misdeeds. I just thought it was a mistake, she says. (Young) 8. Keep an updated record of all bank and credit card account numbers with their expiration dates. Make sure that you also take note of the address and contact numbers of the bank and issuing card company just in case your cards get misplaced or stolen. There are people who realize that they cannot report credit card theft or losses simply because they have no record of their account and card numbers. 9. When using your credit card in public, it is better to be paranoid and shield your card from other peoples view just in case they manage to take pictures of your card face with all the info and numbers counterfeiters need. 10. Never carry around more credit cards than you need. The more cards a thief can get from you, the bigger the balances they can spend. 11. Do not delay opening your credit card bills. This may be crucial in determining whether you can still contest the charges made on your card. In my friend Brians case, his parents were away for months and therefore only got to open the bills when they got back. By then, it was too late to do anything but pay up or else suffer marks against their credit rating. 12. Keep receipts of purchases made with credit cards. That way, it will be easy to balance out credit card bills with purchases made. Any charges made without corresponding hard copies of receipts may necessitate a call to the card company to verify the charge. Always keep tracks of your monthly financial statements. The reason why most thieves get away with their activities is because some people just do not scrutinize the monthly statements from their banks and credit cards. 13. Never sign a blank credit card receipt. If such a receipt is presented to you, draw a line on the blank spaces to make it impossible for anyone to fill in amounts later on. Do not just sign anything absent-mindedly. As with contracts, signatures mean approval. And unfortunately, carelessness is not an acceptable reason in disputing bill payment collections. 14. Do not be taken in by calls from people offering prizes or credit cards with higher limits when they start asking for personal information. Social Security numbers, birthdays, mothers maiden name or credit card number, it is most likely a scam to get information out of you. Try to ask for a written application form or notice. Do not do over-the-phone transactions with people offering these kinds of things.

Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality :: Philosophy Essays

Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality ABSTRACT: Consider the paradox of altruism: the existence of truly altruistic behaviors is difficult to reconcile with evolutionary theory if natural selection operates only on individuals, since in that case individuals should be unwilling to sacrifice their own fitness for the sake of others. Evolutionists have frequently turned to the hypothesis of group selection to explain the existence of altruism; but group selection cannot explain the evolution of morality, since morality is a one-group phenomenon and group selection is a many-group phenomenon. After spelling out just what the problem is, this paper discusses several ways of solving it. Introduction The term ‘evolutionary ethics’ denotes an approach to naturalistic moral philosophy which seeks to explain how moral traits and behavior evolved. Sophisticated versions of evolutionary ethics do not argue that the moral judgments of each and every individual can be predicted given only the tenets of evolutionary theory. Rather the aim is usually to show that human beings possess moral traits because such traits confer a selective advantage. The motivation for this kind of view lies in a broader naturalism: if moral philosophy is to be founded on a naturalistic understanding of human beings and their place in the world, and if evolutionary theory gives us the best (kind of) account of the natural history of human beings, then moral philosophy will need to be brought in line with (some version of) evolutionary theory. Shaping moral theory so that it is possible to explain the selective advantage of moral traits and behavior is thus the vocation of evolutionary ethics. One of the intriguing problems confronting evolutionary ethics is to solve the apparent paradox of altruism. According to evolutionary theory, natural selection entails that in general only the fittest individuals in any given biological population will survive and reproduce. An organism’s evolutionary telos, or goal, seems to be to promote its own fitness in order to survive long enough to reproduce. In situations where an organism confronts a choice between enhancing its own fitness and enhancing the fitness of others, it would seem to follow that the organism will (or "ought to," or should be expected to) choose to enhance its own fitness. (1) The paradox arises because empirical facts seem to contradict this prediction of evolutionary theory. In a wide range of cases, and among organisms of differing levels of sentience and sapience, individual organisms frequently behave in ways that promote the fitness of some group (especially but not always a kin group) at the expense of their own individual fitness.

How Is the Theme of Growing Up Explored in a Range of 20th Century Poems

How is the theme of growing up explored in a range of 20th century poems? The theme of growing up is explored in a variety of ways in many 20th century poems, using different language techniques, that I am going to explore, to convey the emotion of children growing up in the times of class discrimination and racism. The four poems that I have chosen are all from different perspectives, the child’s or parents, or from retrospective points of views, recalling on the speaker’s life as a child.Chapter 7 : Black Bottom of The Adoption Papers, by Jackie Kay, is an extract of a poem that I am going to analyse. This poem is about a white mother adopting a black child and how she faces racial bullying by the more â€Å"superior† whites in Glasgow, Scotland. The Adoption Papers uses the child, the white adoptive mother, and the white biological mother’s voice in alternating first person narrative, written in the present tense giving the poem themes of growing up, bu llying and racism.The other two are from retrospective points of views, reflecting on the speakers’ lives as children and how they had to cope with the difficulties of growing up in a class system society. My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Rough, by Stephen Spender, is a poem about an adult reflecting on his childhood in the upper middle class, and the lower class bullying him because of the social differences, exploring themes of loneliness, remorse and fear.The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost, is the third poem I will analyse, explaining how choosing the correct path will determine the outcome of your life, and that maybe taking the lesser travelled road could make the difference. The Adoption Papers is themed on the effects of racism on younger children while they are growing up. This effect on the child is explored in detail throughout the poem and how she has had to cope with being victim of racial bullying, â€Å"you were fighting yesterday, again†. The u ses of caesura and end-stopping show how racial bullying is an ongoing problem for her.While growing up, bullying is always a problem whether it is discriminative, racial, physical or verbal. The way she learns to cope with bullying is through her fists, which isn’t always the answer, whereas in My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Rough the speaker was a victim of physical bullying of the same nature. The children being â€Å"rough† in this poem, were all subjected to be looked down upon as lower class by the higher classes; causing them to become â€Å"rough† and seen as the bullies in the situation because of their need of a sense of security.The bullies in this poem have many references to the child in The Adoption Papers as she is seen as a victim that fights back against what she thinks isn’t fair, and both think that it is necessary to use fighting as a survival method to cope with the pain of being referred to as â€Å"abnormal† or â⠂¬Å"other† compared to the upper class who would call themselves â€Å"normal†. Both of these poems demonstrate the effects of an ignorant society. In The Adoption Papers, the child’s adoptive mother is also faced with having to deal with the effect of racial bullying toward her daughter.She often tells her daughter to ignore the bullies and the racial remarks, understanding what her daughter is going through and is always in her support, â€Å"You tell. You tell. You tell†¦your little girl a doing†. The use of sentence structure and punctuation here shows one of the effects bullying as had on the mother’s life. The very short, two word sentences, presenting the speech of the racist children’s mothers, can be seen as frantic, that they are quick to pass judgement and also do not want to be in their presence for long because of the social standing.Also the mothers upon hearing that it was a black child, have no second thought on accusing the child showing that, because of their ignorance and racist attitudes, that they weren’t worth empathising with and that they would have no excuse. The adoptive mother’s sentence structure on the other hand, has no caesura and is only one longer sentence. By structuring this â€Å"conversation† between the mothers like so tells us that the adoptive mother is neither ashamed or concerned by her daughter being of a different race and also suggests that she will always make a finishing point in an argument.The Road Not Taken is a poem also themed on growing up and represents life as roads or paths with different turning points and directions. Upon these turning points, one must choose in which direction to go, the one worn or the one less trodden on. This poem’s voice is of an adult reflecting back on his life in general and how these paths are just another part of growing up and that, in life, you would come across many different roads from which to choos e.Robert Frost expresses this idea throughout the poem and also about the choice between two roads that had not been used, â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear / Had worn them really about the same†. A tone of regret is sensed here because of how Frost structured the stanza. By having â€Å"Had worn them really about the same† after â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear†, Frost’s meaning could be interpreted that the speaker could be mumbling or talking to himself, as if they are proud of their choice even though they know nothing of what could have been on the other path.This is later shown when the speaker says, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh† suggesting that the speaker knows that they are likely to twist the truth, and seem heroic, in a more triumphant manner. Overall, I think that The Adoption Papers by Jackie Kay explores the theme of growing up in a very critical and thought provoking manner by using a wide range of l iterary techniques, such as caesura, repetition and similes, and that this poem is it most likely to stir the reader because of the detailed use of present tense, causing the reader to feel empathetically towards the child.My Parents Kept Me From Children Who Were Young uses simple literary techniques, such as repetition, end-stopping and word choice, but in an effective method to convey the harsh realities of bullying while growing up. The Road Not Taken theme of growing up is conveyed in a different manner using a retrospective view, along with a long sentence structure, metaphors and an overall rhyming structure of a, b, a, a, b, to show that you may have regrets in life but life choices are important decisions and that is it all a part of growing up.

Risk Management Report

1. Introduction 1. Establish goals and context 2. Identify stakeholders (internal and external) 2. Risk Register 2. 1 Identify the Risks 2. 2 Analyse the Risks 2. 3 Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks 3. Risk Treatments (Avoid; Reduce likelihood; Reduce consequences; transferring the risk; Retaining the risk) 1. Recommended Response and Impact 4. Implementation 4. 1 Proposed Actions 4. 2 Proposed Communication 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External) 4. 4 Timing 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment etc) . Reporting and Monitoring 1. Introduction Risk Management is the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) process used by organisations to identify, assess and control risks by allocating resources. To minimise the probability and impact of hazardous events. The process allows for careful consideration of stakeholder’s comfort and enjoyment levels as well as identifying costs for resources. Strategies to manage risk include transferring the risk to other parties, avoid the risk, reducing the negative impact of the risk, and accepting any or all consequences of each risk. 1. Establish goals and context Each year, Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre offers a Christmas Party for its enrolled children. Their parents and volunteers, staff, board of management members and management are invited. Parents usually bring along guests who have not been specifically invited. Santa arrives by truck, parked outside the centre near to the road. We must minimise risks for the hearing impaired children and ensure everyone safely enjoys the event. 1. 2 Identify stakeholders Internal Volunteers Staff Board of Management Members Management Santa Sponsor’s TruckSponsor’s Truck Driver Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre’s Duty of Care External Parents Children Parent’s Guests 1. Risk Register The Risk Register records details of all the risks identified at the beginning and during the event. Their grading in terms of likelihood of occurring and seriousness of impact. Initial plans for mitigating each high level risk. The costs and responsibilities of the prescribed strategies and subsequent results. 2. 1 Identify the Risks in order of Importance (low to high) a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees . Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all stakeholders d. Risk of allergies/medical conditions e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food f. Risk of stressful noise g. Risk of getting food poisoning h. Risk of harm from the use of party supplies i. Risk of harm from rubbish j. Risk of injury from fights k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor at the event l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) n. Risk of child going missing 2. 2 Analyse the Risks Risk Table Likelihood |Consequences | | |Negligible Injury |First Aid Injury |Minor In jury |Major Injury |Fatality | |Very Likely |H |H |E |E |E | |Likely |M |H |H |E |E | |Possible |L |M |H |E |E | |Unlikely |L |L |M |H |E | |Highly Unlikely |L |L |M |H |H | Risk Assessment Outcome |E Extreme Risk |Immediate action required; notify supervisor and the HSR. If possible, the activity should | | |be ceased immediately |H High Risk |Notify supervisor and HSR and implement immediate action to minimize injury | |M Moderate Risk |Implement immediate action to minimize injury e. g. signage. Remedial action required within| | |five working days. | |L Low Risk |Remedial action within one month (if possible), supervisor attention required | 2. 3 The Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks for all Stakeholders: |a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food |Consequences: | | |Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Parents and Staff advised to bring a plate of food or drinks | | |to share if they can. | | |Cost $0 | |b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees |Consequences: | | |Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire security and supervisor to warn and relocate people. | | |Cost $500 for security | |c. Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all |Consequences: | |stakeholders |High Risk with Negligible injury and Very likely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |obtain consent forms including for photography | | |Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of | | |children. Keep events within the fenced playground. Purchase | | |insurance to cover all risks identified. Provide regular | | |safety announcements. | | |Cost $3500 for insurance cover | |d. Risk of allergies/medical conditions |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Obtain signed parental consent forms for each child and list | | |of medical conditions for attendees. Request those with | | |speci al diets bring their own meals or forward request to | | |caterer. Provide name tags with coloured dot for those with | | |conditions. Cost $10 for name tags | |e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Ask driver to turn off truck and make use of natural air | | |circulation. Have a place to meet Santa inside the | | |playground. Ensure everyone uses the correct utensils. | | |Cost $60 for utensils | |f.Risk of stressful noise |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire security and supervisor to warn and relocate everyone. | |g. Risk of getting food poisoning |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Have the centre’s nurse waiting to administer first aid and | | |notify paramedics to standby. Hire professional caterer to | | |provide and cook foods. Cost $1000-$2000 for cate rer and | | |paramedics | |h. Risk of harm from the use of party supplies |Consequences: | | High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire professionals to make balloons, face paint, hand out | | |party gifts, provide event planned | | |activities/banners/hosting/audio visual equipment/bands. | |Cost: $2000-$5000 for event planner and band | |i. Risk of harm from rubbish |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire trash management team using volunteers. Cost $100 | |j.Risk of injury from fights |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Use centre nurse, insurance cover and security. | |k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor incidents at the event|Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of | | |children. Keep events within the fenced playgroun d. Provide | | |regular safety announcements. | | |Cost $35 for voice Amplifier | |l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |use centre's nurse for first aid and insurance cover by | | |filling in accident book when required. Only people with | | |appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are | | |allowed entry by staff and volunteers. Place a secure ramp. | | |Cost $80 for wheelchair ramp | |m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Drivers and pedestrians advised via sign posts and verbal | | |direction to go slow, avoid children and park far away from | | |fenced playground. | | |Cost $10 to apply & print signs | |n. Risk of child going missing |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Have timed sign in/out for ms for children being dropped off | | |and picked up as well as head counts before and after group | | |movement/activity. Cost $10 for forms | 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks The funds required to manage risks for the event is in the order of $11,305. The Board of Management will be required to approve those funds as soon as possible. Of highest risk is liability claims so safety announcements must be made regularly in all communications before and during the event. Therefore allowing for feedback and suggestions to be obtained on the protocols.Insurance cover must be purchased for the event. Other risks can be mitigated by hiring security, event professionals, nurse, having paramedics on standby, providing equipment and signs, having volunteers and parents bring food as well as keeping constant watch on the children. 2. Risk Treatments (Avoid; Reduce likelihood; Reduce consequences; transferring the risk; Retaining the risk) 2 weeks prior to BBQ, have staff meeting and allocate a superv isor to relocate the party repeatedly when necessary to quieten the stressful noises and/or situations. Allocate staff duties for obtaining supplies, contacts and communications with sponsors and parents in particular.Ensure staff is familiarised with OHS procedures for the event so they can provide safety announcements to everyone. As well as manage people before, during and after the event. Allocate staff to survey for feedback and suggestions; as well as approach the Board, parents, staff and sponsors for volunteers and funds. Check and approve the RSVP list, include any roles & responsibilities. 1 week prior,call & request that parents who RSVP for the BBQ volunteer their time and resources for the event. As well as bring a plate of food or drinks to share if they can. Make parents into paid staff if necessary via signed contracts. 4 days prior, hire security from network of staff or parents to be on alert, warn and/or request disruptors to leave the event. days prior, provide r amp to sponsor’s truck driver to use at event and ensure both driver and Santa is familiarised with OHS procedures. Ensure external staff is qualified and licenced to work with children. On day of event, ensure that staff knows the protocols for the truck driver, Santa, parents and children to keep everyone in line. Signs are posted and safety announcements made at regular intervals. Start hosting the event and allocate amplifier and communication equipment to staff. 3. 1 Recommended Response and Impact By developing a timed action plan in order to reduce, minimise, and isolate the exposure to risks. Ensuring all adults agreed to always control and take responsibility of the children ahead of the event.Ensuring the Sponsor driver and Santa is police checked and licensed to work with children. Check carefully over every thing via lists and contacts before the start of the event. By determining the importance of each risk. Analyse the frequency of exposure to the associated ris ks. By developing an evacuation and crowd control plan with staff. By communicating all procedures with staff. 4. Implementation Implementation follows all of the plans for mitigating the risks. Purchase insurance policies for the risks that have been decided to be transferred to an insurer. Avoiding all risks that can be avoided without sacrificing the organisation's goals. 4. 1 Proposed ActionsSet up meeting with the board of management to approve funding. Meeting with staff, management and volunteers for briefing of roles and responsibilities. Hire extra resources and/or professionals. Send out invitations. Obtain list of RSVP stakeholders and approve. Contact stakeholders for additional support. Purchase insurance coverage for the event. Ensure everything goes as planned via lists and contacts. Ensure banners, signs are placed and professionals are ready to cover the event. Provide staff and volunteers with survey forms and equipment. Organise parent teacher meeting for after ev ent reporting and feedback. Obtain final report from supervisor.Include recommendations into the following event planning and timing. 4. 2 Proposed Communication Email staff, parents and management via memos and newsletters. Call everyone to follow up on their roles, responsibilities and ensure attendances. Make calls to hire, appointments to approve and sign contracts with professionals; including purchasing insurance coverage for the event. Call or radio personnel at event to maintain an alerted net of safety. Email, call and or post thank you letters and invite to post event feedback. Email, call supervisor for reporting and or meeting. Email management the final planning proposal for the next event. 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External)Management- ensure all funding is provided, lists and plans are in place. Including insurance, hiring, contracts, appointments, equipment and venues are appropriate. Communicate via memos, newsletters and calls to action. Staff- supervisor to take charge of everyone on day of event and all survey reporting. Volunteers- assist staff and parents with their responsibilities. Hired Professionals- provide equipment and services before and during event. Sponsor Driver- use safety equipment and performs role responsibly as instructed by staff. Santa- ensure kids and parents are all happy with his role. Parents- take responsibility of the children and offer any support required on day of event. 4. 4 Timing Before event:Send out invitations 1 months prior. Have RSVP list of names, roles and responsibilities ready for staff meeting 2 weeks prior. Hire all external staff 2 weeks prior to event on signed contracts; including volunteers. Ensure they are qualified and licenced to work with children. Ensure insurance is purchased to cover all equipments, planned events and catering are all in place and ready to go 1 week prior. Ensure everything goes according to plan via lists and contacts within the week leading into the event. D uring event: Place signs and handout flyers of the event timetable. Ensure everyone is allocated their places and equipment, roles and responsibilities.Ensure staff makes regular safety checks and announcements according to plan. Fills out attendance sign in/out forms and accident book when required. That only people with appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are allowed entry. Ensure all hired professionals perform in a satisfactory manner. Ensure hosting and activities are on time and obtain feedback of satisfaction levels. After event: Hold parent teacher meeting within 1week. The supervisor was to analyse results of surveys and monitoring of effective and ineffective procedures from the event. During the meeting, supervisor reports on effective, ineffective protocols and their impact on enjoyment.All stakeholders can also provide additional inputs; which will be noted by the supervisor. Helpful suggestions can be implemented as additional notes to the report. Include the report in the Risk Register file. 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment, etc. ) In addition to staff, volunteers, parents and children, sponsor driver and Santa, equipments, planning and catering for the event. Internet, mobile phones and/or walkie talkies, office equipment and supplies are required to contact, communicate and disperse people & equipments for the event. The centre's resources are already equipped to provide these points of call. 5. Reporting and MonitoringAll stakeholders are invited to provide feedback and suggestions before, during and after the event to make the party an enjoyable experience for everyone involved. The supervisor is to gather, analyse and report on survey results from staff. The report can be communicated to all stakeholders in a parent teacher meeting 1 week after the event. Of importance is highlighting all effective and ineffective protocols, with emphasis on safety. The effect that stakeholders felt the safety protoc ols had on their enjoyment is also required. The final report would be included into the Risk Register. Implement the effective procedures into next year’s christmas party plan and timing sheets. With emphasis on avoiding or minimising the ineffective.

Choose A Subject From The Last Of The Mohicans To Use As The Topic For

Choose A Subject From The Last Of The Mohicans To Use As The Topic For Choose A Subject From The Last Of The Mohicans To Use As The Topic For A Definition Essay. Some – Essay Example ELEMENTS OF THE SENTIMENTAL AND FRONTIER ADVENTURE IN THE FILM The film is a very interesting historical film.It was set up during the French and Indian War in 1757. During this war, the French called on allied Native American tribes to battle with the tough British in the region (Cooper, 24). Apart from the plot, the film offers many themes and the most interesting question that arises is: How does The Last of the Mohicans draw together elements of the syrupy novel and the frontier adventure story?Fact oneCooper incorporates and entangles elements of the sentimental novel, such as marriage and love and sentiments of the frontier adventure, such as racial conflict and warfare. Cooper develops psychological tensions and friendship among the characters that are basically of both genres.Fact twoApart from the friendship and psychological tensions, Cooper utilizes female characters to establish the narrative weight of sentimentality. In addition, he introduced these women characters into the struggle state of affairs that define the frontier venture. In this film; Cooper creates a warfare environment characterized by emotions and dramas, through permeating it with syrupy elements of romance (Cooper, 65). Fact threeCooper heightens the film’s drama by demonstrating the Indian culture as good, Uncas, as opposed to the Indian figure of evil, Magua, as revealed in the contest for the love of Cora Munro-the white girl (Cooper, 45). He uses Magua and Uncas’s interracial aspirations, so different in tone and intent, to incorporate psychological depth to the or else simple antagonism that exists between Indian and white. Conclusion While Cooper sees the elements of civilization as important, he feels that there is a trace of savagery in all humanity. He therefore develops a hybrid genre, frontier romance, through linking war and sentimental (Cooper, 105).References Cooper, James F. The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757. Lpzg, 1856. Print.

Simple Guide How to Apply for Financial Aid

Simple Guide How to Apply for Financial Aid SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve taken the SAT or ACT (or both). You’ve researched a list of safety, target, and reach schools. You’ve written what seems like 100 college essays, and nailed down several letters of recommendation. You think you finally have a minute to take a breather, and then you remember: you have to figure out how to pay for all of this! Most students know that financial aid is an option, but the whole financial aid application process can be confusing. What counts as financial aid? Where do you get it? What’s the typical application process like? How much can you get? It’s enough to make your head spin, especially if you don’t have much guidance on the subject. In this post, I’ll answer all those questions (and more) to start you off on the right foot. Heading off to college should be an exciting new adventure, not a stressful financial burden- this guide will help you get all the financial aid you need to make this upcoming college transition a pleasant one. Before we jump into that, though, I'll talk more generally about college expenses and overarching financial aid strategy. Paying for College: The Basics So you're about ready to head to college- or at least, you're thinking about whether you can afford it. How does the cost of your education and the financial aid application process factor into your experiences at school and beyond? College Costs Every year that you attend school- whether you're getting a BA, a Master's, or a professional degree- costs a certain amount of money. The biggest expenses associated with attending college include tuition, room, and board. If you don't cover your tuition costs, you won't be able to register for classes or actually attend school. If you can't afford living expenses associated with attending school (room, board, other personal expenses), you can't actually be present on campus to attend classes. Ultimately, all of these costs need to be covered every year or you won't be able to attend college. To learn more about how much money it takes to get an education, read our guide on the explicit and hidden costs of college. Where Does Financial Aid Come In? For many students, there will be a difference between what college actually costs and what they can afford to pay. For every year that you anticipate this deficit, you apply for financial aid for your school to cover as much of this cost as you can. In general, this process includes submitting a federal financial aid application. Your school receives the information from this application and puts together a financial aid package, which could include federal aid and/or school-based aid. Your grants and loans (if you choose to accept them) will be laid out for you in this financial aid offer. You're then able to make a decision about whether the remaining difference in cost, after taking aid into account, is something that you can afford to pay. If you choose to accept an offer from a particular school, and there is a difference between the aid offered and total college costs, it is your responsibility to pay the remaining amount. You may not have to pay it all up front- some schools offer payment plans throughout the semester- but if you do not make timely payments, you will not be allowed to register for classes, and you won't receive any college credits. Some students use family savings, private loans, student jobs, or a combination thereof to cover these costs. Worrying about paying for college can be an enormous burden- often, students don't feel prepared or informed enough to make such big financial decisions. If you're in this boat, rest assured that with some good intel and a little experience you'll be able to navigate financial aid as well as anyone else. When I entered college as a freshman, I felt pretty lost when it came to understanding financial aid- I was unfamiliar with a lot of the language, and I wasn't sure where to get good objective advice. I came out on the other side, and I'm happy to say it's not as scary as it first seems. So let's get started! What Is Financial Aid? The term "financial aid" is thrown around as a monolithic term that seems to cover anything that helps pay for college. There are different types of financial aid, though, and they're not all created equal- they come from different sources and with different "catches." Types of Financial Aid There are several types of financial aid available- some are better than others. Here, I'll go over all the major types of financial aid, their perks, and their drawbacks. Grants Grants are lovely little monetary awards that you don’t have to pay back. For this reason, they are awesome- if you get a grant, you are literally getting free money. The catch? They’re usually based on your financial need. Free money is generally hard to come by, so eligibility criteria for grants tend to be stricter than for loans. Student loans can be important financial assets, as long as you can support the monthly payments after graduation. Loans A loan is a sum of money that is given to you when you need it (i.e. when you need to make tuition, room, or board payments) which you pay back after graduation. You also pay back an additional percentage of money, known as interest. Loans can be really helpful, but also a burden post-graduation if you take on a lot of student debt. Some loans are better than others: for example, loans that are subsidized or have low-interest rates, subsidized loans are generally preferable because you end up paying less in the long run. To learn more about these types of loans, read our guides to the Perkins and Direct Subsidized loan programs. Scholarships Scholarships, like grants, are sums of money that are awarded to you to help pay for school. They're a bit different from grants and loans in a few important ways, so I won't spend much time addressing them in this post. First, they'renot reliable. Most scholarships are very competitive, which means that students shouldn’t expect to be able to pay for the bulk of college expenses with scholarship awards. Second, they havewidely varying eligibility criteria, award amounts, and application processes- grants and loans are much more standardized in these respects. In sum, scholarships areawesome bonuses if you get them, but the meat and potatoes of financial aidaregrants and loans. Financial Aid Sources Financial aid can come from a variety of sources. Your funding source can affect your type of aid, your award amount, your eligibility criteria, and the application process. Here, I'll address the three main sources of student aid: federal, institutional, and private. I'll also briefly address some loan basics, like what to expect in terms of student loan payments and affordability. Federal Federal student aid is financial aid that is sponsored or subsidized by the US federal government. It's widely available and pretty easy to apply for- there's one application for all federal aid programs called, aptly, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA is also useful for more than just federal aid- I'll explain why later on in the post. Some federal aid programs include the Pell Grant, Perkins loan, Stafford loan, and Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans. Eligibility criteria for most federal aid programs tend to be very clear- if you meet the criteria, you should get the aid award. Interest rates on federal loans are also very competitive and tend to be lower than those on private loans (lower interest rates = less money you shell out in the long run). Institutional Colleges will sometimes have their own financial aid programs. Some schools even claim to meet all financial need- basically, everything that your family can’t afford to pay. Generally, the better a school’s endowment, the better its financial aid program. Much of the institutional aid that's awarded is in the form of grants, which are primarily need-based. Some merit-based scholarships are given out by some institutions to entice particularly competitive students. Usually, schools don't serve as loan lenders (with a notable exception being in the case of the Perkins loan program). Schools use information generated from your FAFSA to determine what (if any) financial aid you'll get from the institution, in addition to the federal aid you're eligible for. Schools may also use an application called the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE to award nonfederal financial aid. I'll talk more about the PROFILE in the section on the federal aid application process. Private When people discuss private aid sources, they're usually referring to banks that are funding private loans. This is the third level of financial aid: if grants and low-interest federal loans don’t cover enough of your expenses, you can get a private loan to make up the difference. Theterms on these loans usually aren’t as good as those on federal loans, but you can get decent interest rates if you (or the person who's signing on the loan) have good credit. Loans: How Much Should You Take Out? Student loan debt is a big concern for current college students and recent graduates alike. To avoid taking on debt that you can't afford to pay back, you mustconsider loan amounts, interest rates, and repayment plans to determine what you can handle. What amount of debt is worth the education you'll be receiving? To answer this question as effectively and as accurately as possible, consider the following: taking your future career plans and future income into account, what do you anticipate being able to afford in terms of monthly loan payments? Be as realistic as possible. Now, monthly loan payment amounts will vary based on things like interest rates and whether the loan is subsidized or unsubsidized. What you can actually afford to pay will also depend on factors like your income, cost of living, and how much you want to save and spend. Even though all of these factors are (probably) currently unknowable, this chart lays out some general rules about loan payments and affordability: Total Student Loan Debt Monthly Payment Minimum Annual Income Needed to Afford Monthly Payment $5,000 $61 $7,320 - $9,150 $10,000 $122 $14,640 - $18,300 $15,000 $184 $22,080 - $27,600 $20,000 $245 $29,400 - $36,750 $25,000 $306 $36,720 - $45,900 $50,000 $612 $73,440 - $91,800 $100,000 $1,222 $146,660 - $183,300 The general rule of thumb is that you should aim for 10% of your income to be spent on student loans. You can certainly live frugally and pay your loans with 30% of your income, but just remember about 30% of your income goes to taxes, another 30% will go to rent, and you'll need to budget for living expenses too. The Financial Aid Application Process The process is so much more manageable if we break it down step by step. So you have a good idea of the financial aid basics- you know all about the types of financial aid and their various sources. The next step? Actually learning how to apply for financial aid! The process and timeline will be a bit different for everyone, but here I’ll focus on the process for (1) first-time college freshmen who are (2) proactive about applying for financial aid. It’s generally better to apply earlier rather than later for financial aid programs (so, don’t wait until application deadlines if you can help it) because some programs run out of funds. One notable example of a program with limited funds is the Perkins loanprogram. You generally don’t have to worry about the financial aid application process until the bulk of your college application work is done. Here, I’ll outline a comprehensive financial aid process in chronological order of applications you should complete- the CSS/Financial Aid Profile is listed first because you might have to complete it while working on some college apps (unfortunately). Step 1: The CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE The CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE is an application for nonfederal financial aid used by almost 400 different colleges and scholarship programs. Even if you don’t think you’ll apply to one of these colleges or programs, it may be wise to fill it out, so you don’t preemptively limit your funding options. Check out the list of participating programs before deciding not to complete it- you might find a program or school you're interested in! If you’re applying to any of the participating schools (or scholarships), they’ll have their own deadlines for submitting the PROFILE. It’s very important that you meet this deadline if you want to be considered eligible for institutional financial aid. Some schools may ask for it around the time college apps are due. Submitting the PROFILE If you plan on completing the PROFILE,you’ll need to enter detailed student and parent financial information. Gather the following paperwork for both you and your parents to expedite the application process: Current and previous years' tax returns W-2 forms and other records of current year income Records of untaxed income and benefits for current and previous tax years Current bank statements Records of savings, stocks, bonds, trusts, etc. There are fees associated with this application- one fee to actually submit it (which includes a single school report), and a $25 fee to generate reports for additional schools. There are fee waivers available for low-income students. To learn more about the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE, check out this comprehensive guide or interactive presentation. Step 2: The FAFSA The FAFSA: Perhaps the most important part of the financial aid process. The FAFSA is the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Like I mentioned earlier, this one application will open up a lot of potential aid opportunities. The FAFSA opens up October 1 each year for the next academic year (for example, if you’re startingcollege in the fall of 2020, you can submit your FAFSA on October 1, 2019, at the earliest). A few days after you submit your application, you’ll get what’s called a SAR (student aid report) outlining different types of federal aid that you’re eligible for. If you’re interested in the Perkins loan, you’d have to be offered the loan directly through your school. Many schools use the information generated from the FASFA to award their own aid, especially if they don’t use the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE. So when should you actually submit your FAFSA? Even though the deadline is pretty late (e.g. deadline for 2019-2020 academic year is June 30, 2020) apply as close to October 1 as possible. Some programs are first-come, first-serve, so if you apply early, you won’t end up losing out on any potential funding opportunities. Submitting the FAFSA To complete the application, you’ll need detailed financial information for both yourself and your parents, including: W-2 forms Tax returns Records of untaxed income and benefits The application itself should take 2-3 hours, and can be submitted online. It should take about threedays to get your "results"- the student aid report outlining your federal aid eligibility. You can even estimate your eligibility before you apply using the FAFSA4caster. For detailed information on how to submit a FAFSA, check out our Pell Grant guide. Step 3: The Financial Aid Award Letter After you’ve been admitted to a college, the school will put together a financial aid award letter- if you noted that you want financial aid, that is. You will not have to accept or reject any offer of admission until you’ve been able to go over a school’s financial aid package. You can use the award amounts to calculate your net cost, or what you have to pay out of pocket to attend that school. If there are loans offered on your financial aid letter, you don’t have to accept any that you’re not comfortable with. You tell your financial aid office what awards you want to take (pro tip: take all the grants and scholarships) and what awards you don’t. Calculating Your Net Cost Figure out the school’s CoA (Cost of Attendance). This figure includes tuition, fees, books, transportation, room, and board. If it's not listed on the financial aid letter, turn to Google or the financial aid office. Learn more about expenses in our guide on what college really costs. Subtract any grants and scholarships listed on the financial aid package from your CoA. This is free money that your school and/or government is awarding you. The figure you have right now is your out-of-pocket cost. If this isn't affordable, this isn't necessarily what you have to payright now to attend this school. Subtract any federal loans offered from the out-of-pocket cost. These loans tend to have low-interest rates and good repayment terms. Subtract any work-study award amounts. Many students have jobs during the school year to help cover some college expenses. Work study helps facilitate the job search. The remaining amount is what you have to pay to attend school for one year. If this amount is still not manageable, and you're comfortable with the idea of taking out more loans, you can consider private loans to cover some of the balance. How Much Aid Can You Get? Let's figure out how much aid you can get your hands on. This is the real question, right? If you're going to go through all the trouble of applying for financial aid, you want the results to be worth it in the end. The amount of aid you can get depends on two main factors: #1: Your financial need, and#2: Where you go to school Students with very low family incomes who attend schools with good financial aid programs can get all of their financial need covered- with all grants, no loans. Harvard, for example, expects no family contributions from families who make less than 60k a year, although they still expect students to contribute a small amount via a student job. There are other schools that claim to meet all students’ unmet need. If you have high financial need but choose a school with a less generous financial aid program, you might be expected to pay a lot out of pocket. State schools, in particular, tend to have much higher sticker prices for out-of-state residents, so even if you get the maximum amount of federal Pell grant money ($5,500) you could be on the hook for a very large sum of money. If you don’t have much financial need, you can still get financial aid through schools with good programs. Harvard, again as an example, gives some sort of financial aid to about 70% of its students. You might not be eligible for many grants, but you could potentially be eligible for low-interest government loans, like the Direct Subsidized, Unsubsidized, and PLUS programs- they have less strict eligibility criteria. What If You Don't Receive Enough Financial Aid? Sometimes, even though students do everything right, they still end up stuck with a price that they or their families just can’t afford. Here are some steps you can take to close the gap between what you can afford and what you owe. Check in With the Financial Aid Office See if they can work with you on your financial aid package. Don’t treat it like a bidding war- for example, going to a school with another college’s financial aid package and demanding they match it won’t generally fly. Tell them that you’re grateful for the package, but as is, your family can’t afford it. Take this opportunity toexplain any extenuating circumstances or hardships that make paying for college difficult. Bring concrete numbers and calculations to back up your claims, and be prepared to discuss what you can afford. Apply to Scholarships Ideally, you’d start looking at scholarship programs early on in your junior year. Apply to scholarships as a Hail Mary or backup plan- don’t count on any scholarship earnings before you’ve actually earned them. With that being said, scholarships (even small ones) can help make college more affordable. Ronald McDonald, Gates Scholars, and Hispanic Scholarship Fund awards are good places to start. Consider Schools with Better Aid Packages Sometimes, the heavy burden of student loans isn’t worth attending one particular school, even if it’s your dream school. Do a cost-benefit analysis to objectively think about whether one school will be worth the extra dollars up front and/or in loans in the long run, versus another school that’s more affordable. What's Next? If you want to increase your chances of getting more financial aid, you can start with steps that will also help with your college applications. Getting your SAT scores up or investing time in community service hours will make you a more attractive college applicant, but it will also make you eligible for more scholarships. In order to prepare for scholarship applications, read our guides to the National Merit Scholarship, Walmart Scholarship, and Coca-Cola Scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: