Why is southern literature so obsessed with slavery and racial Essay

Why is southern literature so obsessed with slavery and racial difference Discuss in relation to three texts studied on the module. (Literature of the American - Essay Example Slavery was introduced into the United States by English settlers who first arrived in Virginia in 1619. It was estimated that the number of slaves {all of African descent} was 645,000 at that time. Slavery became legal in the United States. Slave owners were predominantly white, while a few American Indians and still fewer free black slaves were also known to own slaves. Even one of the country’s Presidents {Thomas Jefferson [1743 – 1826]} kept slaves in his household (Wikipedia.org). The people living in the Southern states practiced slavery much more than those in the Northern states of the United States. In 1860, by which time the original black slave population had grown to 4 million, the United States census found 95% of them lived in the Southern states comprising 33% of Southern population, as compared to forming just 1% of Northern population. By that time the Southern states had grown immensely wealthy due to flourishing plantations run with very cheap black slave labour. Slaves were also widely used as household servants (Wikipedia.org). Southerners were guilty of meting out harsh and inhumane treatment to black slaves. Slaves were widely ill-treated; slave supervisors were empowered to whip and extract maximum labour from them, slave hunters were employed to catch runaway slaves and punish them brutally, slave families were cruelly torn apart when members were sold off to distant new slave owners, female slaves were openly used by their owners for sexual gratification, children born of slave women {whether fathered by male slaves or their white owners} automatically inherited the mantle of slavery from their mothers. The entire series of racial discriminatory practices was authorised by Slave Codes that empowered and protected perpetrators of such practices (Wikipedia.org), and supported by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 that declared that helping runaway slaves in any way was considered a crime (Stowe 75). The

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Ethics - Essay Example For example, some organizations have sound philosophy in making the environment clean and green and for that purpose they will try to avoid as much as activities which may harm the environment. The employees must be well aware of these things in order to work in line with such policies. Training and development is also intended for making the employee capable of recognizing and respecting the dignities of other fellow employees in the organization. It will also generate loyalty towards the organization and the fellow employees. Organizations can develop only through encouraging team work and the team work principles can be taught through training and development only. In academic curriculum the employee may not learn much about the organizational setups, culture and behavior and only through training and development an employee will get better insights about such things. For example keeping confidentiality and integrity is essential at workplace which the employee may not be practiced during his/her student life. So a fresh employee may not be aware of the importance of such things and hence they need better training and development in order to customize them suitable for the organization. Team work is an essential requirement in an organizational setup. An individual can do little with his individual efforts whereas he can double his productivity when he functions as part of a team. For example, a marketing professional will get better ideas about marketing from the team members when he works as part of a team. The market forecasts and fluctuations like important information are needed for him which will be obtained easily when wok as part of a team. Ethics related to teamwork deals with â€Å"how do groups achieve justice (in the distribution of work), responsibility (in specifying tasks, assigning blame, and awarding credit), reasonableness (ensuring participation, resolving conflict, and

Deflection of Coil Tipped Catheter

Deflection of Coil Tipped Catheter It happens that most of it are remotely steerable catheters. In this paper, it becomes fit to the lines can be used for turning of the wall unto the pool of the inclination of the times, the rotation can be made, the counsel and the miniaturization capabilities. The deflection of the coil-tipped catheter has been studied and verified by the following experimental derived equation [9]. The above equation majorly depends on the magnetic field strength, current applied, the number of turns of the solenoid coil and stiffness of the catheter. The torque generated by the excitation of the deflection coil that allows the catheter tip to deflect or move in the desired direction has been counter balance by reinstating torque created mechanically by the catheter [9]. A linear relation has been observed between the number of turns of the solenoid coil and the mechanical angular bend of the tip, it has also been found that by increasing the magnetic field strength of the MRI Scanner like making it double from 1.5 Tesla to 3 Tesla effecting the deflection angle to be double over a broader spectrum of current values [9]. For better understanding in the clinical application, the catheter tip could get the deflection of about 90 degrees for a standard catheter which has the tip length around 7mm having the 100 turns of solenoid coil that will be energized with current of 300 mill iamps and the MRI gantry is at 1.5 Tesla [9]. It is important to note that the decrease in the tip length will result a reduction in the number of turns and by increasing the coil current can get the same result. It is worth noting that the catheter tip could be kept on hold for about a minute towards a defined target due to the magnetic force, this aspect is most useful for the application of Cardiac Ablation [9]. Since the time required to deflect the catheter tip is rapidly thats why charging the coil for few seconds could allow steering inside the vessels [9]. By using three different coils on the catheter tip arranged orthogonally, allows the tip movement in the 3D space means the tip can be navigated at any required direction [33]. Design and manufacturing of these coils are done by laser Lithography technique which is been smartly arranged on the catheter tip. Further studies show the limitation to acquire smaller diameter deflection of the tip due to the arranging of one coil over another, therefore an alternative design can be suggested to eliminate this issue in which the coils should spread along the length of the tip rather than overlapping each other [33]. The design of the ferromagnetic sphere approach has the advantage of allowing independent motion in all directions irrespective of the main magnetic field of MRI by using forces of the magnetic gradient [22]. As we have previously discussed in the design, that by using two ferromagnetic beads the deflection will increase twice as compared to the single bead configuration. Due to using two beads the bending occurred in catheter tip will make like S shape curve, where as its shape and amplitude will become more pronounced by increasing the beads distance. According to the studies, when the two beads having the distance of 4.5mm and tip length of 32.7mm then we get the largest lateral deflection of about 20.3 mm [22]. The deflection up to that extent will add up the weight of a second bead and casing dimensions at the catheter tip. Studies also reveals that with single bead or too closely spaced two beads, the catheter tip could deflect erratically in amplitude. Time required for the successful deflection depend on the time to energize the magnetic gradient [22]. The catheter tip containing material called as SMPs and SMAs allow a border spectrum of catheter navigation. Both materials having different properties of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. Comparatively SMAs is more quick to regain its original shape from SMPs, numerically SMAs take only few milliseconds where as SMPs takes few seconds to restore their original shape [26]. To regain original shape by cooling in SMAs is very slow and the structure is so small that we cannot use forced cooling, SMAs show irregularity so its precision is quite doubtful [16]. A very small amount of SMP or SMA is required to provoke the movement because the size of the catheter tip is so small. The design of a catheter tip proposed with hydraulic or pneumatic approach would have an instantaneous response time to the pressure changes occurred due to gas or fluid [16]. The material of catheter is responsible for the flexibility of pressurizing lumens to pull wire catheter. The major problem of pneumatic and hydraulic actuator is precision and force control, shows nonlinearity because of the kinetic molecular properties of fluids [15]. Other parameter like temperature, shape, fatigue and friction is also changeable during procedure [15].

Essay --

What does famine mean? It is a situation in which people do not have enough food, according to Webster’s New World Dictionary. The great potato famine, however, was far more than just a lack of food. Its effects were felt around the world due to environmental conditions, agriculture practices and economic and political factors (Japikse, 1994). Famine still exists in today’s society, as does the potato blight from the largest crop manufacturers to the small family gardens in Wisconsin, but nothing comes close to the disaster experienced by the Irish. It was the injustices that caused the famine, Gorta Mor, The Great Hunger of 1845-52, as called by the Irish (Daly, 1996). The potato famine of 1846 was one of the biggest natural disasters in Irish history. The â€Å"explosive disease† said William Fry, Ph.D., caused by Phytophtera infestans, is a condition that prevents growth and destroys the plant by disease. P. infestans is a fungus-like pathogen that infects and destroys the leaves, stems, potato seed and the potato itself, turning it black and slimy (Craig, 1998). The first signs of blight are when leaves get brown specks on them that start to get white, hairy growth around them (Damsker, n.d.). In addition, leaves and stems withered very quickly. This if followed by a terrible smell. It spreads as a spore and grows rapidly in moist, warm and humid conditions. Today, the blight disease still affects potato crops. However, an application of the plant fungicide, metalaxyl, or copper sulfate mixtures and pesticide will prevent and eliminate or, at least, decrease the possibility of its appearance (Daly, 1996). In fact, accordi ng to Gibbon’s article in 2013, the pathogen and its host of dried leaves ar... ...Irish and British people had bitter feelings towards one another. Many Irish were angry the English government did next to nothing to prevent the famine. Then when it happened the government turned their heads. The anger caused a rebellion in 1848 by a group called the Young Ireland party, saying Ireland wanted its own government (Results of the Great Famine, 2014). In conclusion, famine is still a part of the world today, but Gorta Mor of this level of devastation does not occur anymore. The same issues of environment, agriculture practices, economic and political factors are still part of famine today along with the appearance of the potato blight, too. Truth be told, the difference between then and now, however, is that technology is the medium to deliver images and descriptions faster and quicker so as to not let such devastation be experienced.

A Madman’s Diary, The True Story of Ah Q and The New Years Sacrifice Essay

I. Introduction: Much of Lu Hsun’s stories are recollections of his past struggles. He admits this in the preface of his collection of works entitled, Call to Arms. But as this collection was viewed by Lu Hsun himself as a way to encourage young dreamers to pursue their aspirations and spare themselves of the agony of his youth, much of it becomes a mirror as well of the Chinese culture and history. Hence, Lu Hsun is not only a chief commander of China’s modern Cultural Revolution; he is also the founder of modern Chinese literature. This paper aims to make a modest critical analysis of Lu Hsun’s work using his first three short stories namely; A Madman’s Diary, The True Story of Ah Q and The New Years Sacrifice. These are chosen to identify patterns of themes, subjects and beliefs that are embodied in his writings. Also, we hope to be able to understand Chinese traditions and heritage using the same short stories. In the end we may find literature as a strong method of making a noble contribution to the world with its inherent power to opine, philosophize and influence. Let us begin with a brief telling of the stories’ plots and details. After which we enumerate the significance of each and lastly to provide a general assessment of the story’s lessons and socio-cultural and political implications. This last part of the analysis is relevant as we have had hints already of the intentions of the author to provide an empowerment to the readers for the attainment of certain goals. The paper will end in such a way that Lu Hsun is commended for his creativity in the craft to have shown consistency of his agenda as manifested in his literary machinery – ergo, becomes successful and compatible endeavors of revolutionary and literary toils. II. A Madman’s Diary The first story is a narration of Lu Hsun’s reading of a diary of his old friend. The latter referred to as the madman, through his personal accounts have expressed the nature of his illness. He sees his own brother, relatives, neighbors and doctor as man-eaters. The content of the diary may seem weird and dreadful yet the author of the diary charged of insanity has managed to think and speak of historical accounts to prove his case. For instance, he called a previous enemy, Ku Chiu which in translation means â€Å"Ancient Times†; his doctor, Li Shih-chen who in history was a famous pharmacologist and authored the Materia Medica. Both usage have latent meanings and will be explained later. The madman also has knowledge of several traditional myths like his mention of Yi Ya, who according to ancient records cooked his son as present to Duke Huan who was ruler since 685 to 643 B.C. of Chi; he mentioned also Chieh and Chou who were known tyrants in history; Hsu His Lin who during the end of Ching dynasty was a revolutionary executed in 1907 whose heart and liver were believed to have been eaten because of his assassination of a Ching official. Again, these historical descriptions have significance in the goal of the author of Madman’s Diary. The context of the story may seem to its audience a basic case of mental illness but this is true unless proper decoding is employed. The story suggests that there is a past experience which the madman has underwent which we could think of as the cause of his psychosis. According to the author, the madman has suffered from persecution. The sentiment of the main character at the time he was sick already against other people characterizes the same feelings he felt against them before this condition. Man-eating in the story symbolizes the feudal system in China. The oppression that the tenants suffer from their land lords has caused the madman to perhaps hate the former. The man-eaters in the story as observed by the madman consist of his neighbors, brother, doctor, etc.; basically all those who are of the land-owning class. The conspirators making themselves man-eaters as well include his own mother- this is due to the latter’s inability to reprimand his brother. To the madman’s mind, those who support and those who are silenced by the oppression are alike. This is why he refers to them as man-eaters as well – they all look at him in the same way like fierce animals ready to eat him and his flesh. Everyday, the madman has to deal with the same looks and reactions. He thought he was doing a good job of having been able to decipher their true intentions of killing and eating him. In the end however it pained him to have known that his sister could have died in the same experience of being eaten by other people. It pained him that his own family has not done anything while his mother’s weeping did not change the fact of her daughter’s tragic death. The seemingly unjust treatment of the community against a madman like him is translated into the majority’s incapacity and lack of buoyancy to uphold a revolution such as that which would overhaul feudalism and promote equality. Yet, the madman has seen that Mr Chao for instance did not look solely at him with anger but with fear as well. One is afraid to change the status quo where he/she is already benefiting. Just like Mr Ku Chiu who was displeased with his intervention on his account sheets twenty years ago. Ku Chiu meaning Ancient Times symbolizes the long history of feudal oppression in China. The madman might have made wild statements in his diary but to a madman this signifies discontent, confusion, mixed emotions of fear and pain, none of which is equivalent to happiness and peace. He said he has not seen the moon for over thirty years. He must have been imprisoned or isolated that long from the community, the people barely recognize him just like the dog which looked at him twice. In the new day or perhaps new circumstance he is into, he only remembers the feelings of annoyance against them. Yet he witnessed the children, lively as they may appear but the madman, reluctant about their purity thought they also had eyes that misinterpret him. When he said their parents could have told them about his story, he was referring to the possible transfer of the tradition of tyranny to the new generation and the hindrance to their quest for truth, justice and equality. The madman abhors the fact that the own victims of this cruelty have not done anything to antagonize but why do they look at him like that? This is expressed in the part below: â€Å"†¦Those people, some of whom have been pilloried by the magistrate, slapped in the face by the local gentry, had their wives taken away by bailiffs, or their parents driven to suicide by creditors, never looked as frightened and as fierce then as they did yesterday†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lu Hsun, A Madman’s Diary, April, 1918) He sees their laughers, discussions of him, teeth and speech as comprising their secret signs. There are statements in the story which the author has provided for us to understand further the nature of the norm in their history. Like when the madman remembers the time when he would be commended by his brother for his indifference vis a vis wrong doings: â€Å"†¦I remember when my elder brother taught me to write compositions, no matter how good a man was, if I produced arguments to the contrary he would mark that passage to show his approval; while if I excused evil-doers, he would say: â€Å"Good for you, that shows originality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At that time , it would have been better if you are blind and deaf and perhaps insane to resist the subjugation. This is also presented in the part where Mr. Ho, the doctor tells the madman: â€Å"Don’t let your imagination run away with you! Rest quietly for a few days and you will be alright†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The madman sees this statement as a warning for his deed of courage and integrity. – to be brave and righteous yield death of a man. Toward the end of the story, the madman asked a twenty year old lad if it was right to eat human beings and if such was an accepted act simply because it has always been like that. The author here is arriving at an assumption that a tradition of cruelty could have been regarded by most of them as justifiable by its permanence and embedded nature. But a challenge has been set forth in the end; that is to become a real man. For the madman, real men don’t eat human beings. Although as claimed, primitive people have done so, he advised his brother that to remain like them is the same as reptiles and animals who eat flesh and must be ashamed of themselves. This is a way for the author to propose that to desist tradition (the four thousand years of eating flesh) is to put a halt to oppression – this is the act of a real man. He calls on a change of spirit and ideas so he tells them in the story; â€Å"You should change at once, change from the bottom of your hearts! You must know that in future there will be no place for man-eaters in the world . . . .† His final words are equally challenging and meaningful. It was a call for change especially for the youth – â€Å"Perhaps there are still children who have not eaten men? Save the children. . .† III. The True Story of Ah Q The second story is written in December, 1921. Ah Q is a worker in the Weichuang village who has become a laughing stock and destination of insult from amongst his fellow villagers. His death was a tragic one considering that while his origin has not been known to the author or to the village people in the story, the cause of his execution is also neither defined by him nor his fellowmen. It is in this cycle confusions and uncertainties that the story becomes a revelation of the situation of China during the early nineteenth century. Lu Hsun has used characters in the story with meaningful roles in China’s history. Mr. Chao and Mr. Chien are both influential and wealthy people in the village whose sons have given them pride by passing the examination and having been posted to high positions in the society; Whiskers Wang and Young D who are servants like Ah Q had different perspectives and never united; The Imitation Foreign Devil who studied in Japan and has returned to the village without any meaningful contribution; the nun whom Ah Q have maltreated for his perceived false modesty of her; the townspeople; the military captain; the successful provincial candidate; the old man with a clean shaven head – they all did not spare Ah Q a little. It appeared that Ah Q was fond of drinking wine, sleeping after a day’s job at the Tutelary God’s Temple and imagining his own definition of victories. For Ah Q being beaten by a son is a victory; and every time he is teased by the village folks for his scar that looked like ringworm on his head and crushed to the wall for his eccentricities, he considers them losers – for they are his sons. This weird claim of Ah Q has made the people a lot more irritated of him. To him his only two defeats were namely; his defeat by Whiskers Wang who he regard as his equal; and by the Imitation Foreign Devil. He found dignity in humiliating a small nun. When he lost his job due to an incident with a maidservant at the Chao family house, he headed to the other town where a stroke of luck provided him with goods enough to be sold and become a source of his new profit. Yet along with his return to the village and his renewed sense of respect for himself when the people started to talk about him and his fortune, a revolution occurred. Without much clarity, he was caught as suspect to a robbery by the revolutionaries at the Chao family. He told the captors that he might have approved of the revolution but he was not allowed to join because the Imitation Foreign Devil prohibited him. Uneducated, Ah Q was made to draw a circle as signature in a paper whose content was unknown to him and later that day, he was set as an example to the people and all other revolutionaries for death execution. One must have knowledge of China’s history to be able to appreciate further Ah Q’s story. The Qing dynasty with its long-lived rule and enormous failures has caused a deterioration of performance along traditional lines. The arrival of foreigners who were driven by the industrial revolution of the West had caused much indignation and loss of resources for the prideful denizens of China. With their superior weaponry and cultural superiority might have brought China’s independence they have nonetheless encountered opposition. This foreign presence has resulted to changed political demands among the revolutionaries. The Taiping Uprising for instance considered as the longest peasant rebellion denounced Confucianism and found new aspirations in Christianity. The dynasty resorted to the Chinese provincial armies to suppress the Taipings. A lot has changed since the abolition of the civil service examination in China based on the Confucian classics. There has been a program of sending students to Japan for modern studies that brought radical ideas convinced of overthrowing the dynasty and revolutionizing China. This success of reformation however by Sun Yat Sen has not abandoned feudalism, and has worsened due to China’s dependency in the new market economy and international trade, the condition of the peasants who were displaced and deprived. Warlordism and the lack of nationalism have deepened the problem of China until the success of the CCP in the 1940s. These events took place prior and perhaps during the writing of Lu Hsun’s Ah Q. Clearly, Ah Q represents the peasant revolution which has been isolated from the intellectuals’ endeavor. When Ah Q was denied participation by the Imitation Foreign Devil, the author has implied here that those who have attained education in Japan in the nineteenth century have not fulfilled the true essence of a revolution. They failed to establish unity among its people as superiority among the land owning class prevails. Thus, Ah Q might have wanted to revolt for as he claimed in the story, â€Å"revolution is good†, but it was late for him to prove his strength and capacity. He was executed in a crime he has not committed.   His lack of knowledge failed him to understand the situation – this is more painful for him.

Jessica Swindle Essay

In this time and age, a lot of people are struggling for their lives. We can never deny the fact how tough it is to deal with the circumstances that come along our way and it is imperative for us to weigh our capabilities in order to make our best and live our lives to the best of our abilities. As Merwin epitomized his thoughts on his â€Å"Eskimo Poem†, he freely exemplify the perception of what it entails to live in this world and at the same time possess the grip to what is in store for you in the future. At the beginning of the poem, the tender emotion shoot in as one wonders what life could bring each and every single of his life. But along the way, to some extent there is bit scepticism as the challenges hinders the happiness of a person. â€Å"But I am leaving the shore in my skin boat, it came to me that I was in danger and now the small troubles look big† (Mervin), during the moments that we feel we are alone with our predicament and that we can no longer bear the confrontation of life we tend to look for another way wherein we can build our lives again. Indeed, as the poem utters â€Å"and the ache that comes from the things I have to do every day big† (Merwin), it only means one thing, and that is to find alternative measures to make our lives better. In this regard, it was thoroughly elucidated how trials expands and it is only our hope that can uplift our spirit. â€Å"But only one thing is great only one, this in the hut by the path to see the day coming out of its mother and the light filling the world† (Merwin), positively, at the end of the day there is always a light that will shed our fears and will shelter our minds and hearts. Like the poem, we should find contentment with our lives even if it will take to some place and to different level of maturity. Acceptance of dare could be a proliferating factor in order for us to be great in the paths that we are taking.

How to Write a Short Essay on Global Warming in World Climate Change

How to Write a Short Essay on Global Warming in World Climate Change The general guidelines for writing a short essay are similar to that of writing your average essay. The only difference is that the essay must be short while also covering everything you intend to discuss regardless of its length. So when writing a short essay on global warming and human health in world climate change, it is important to start off with a catchy topic and discuss your stance or ideas in brief and precise manner. You should also make use of important facts including those that can be found in this article on the top 10 facts on global warming and human health in world climate change. Here are some tips on achieving the precision a short essay requires. Get the Topic Right The topic of a short essay is the most important part of your entire paper which means it must be done right. This is because it is the first paragraph that catches the reader’s eye while attempting to capture the mind. A good essay topic on global warming is â€Å"Global Warming Could Kill You†. This topic is precise and strikes a reaction – of fear, wariness or amusement - in the reader. Thereby grabbing reader’s attention to at least scan through your work to learn more about what your essay is about. Introduce Your Topic Accurately A good introduction for a short essay on global warming and human health in world climate change should tell the reader all about the contents of the paper. This includes what statement or arguments you intend to make as well as the nuggets of wisdom the reader will be blessed with on reading the essay. Ideally, your introduction should consist of 90 to 100 hard hitting words on global warming and the human condition. Work on the Body All arguments or facts you intend to provide should be present in the body of your essay. And since it is a short one, it’s thereby important to make use of facts and statements that ring true with the reader. Using our topic as an example, your body must contain facts on how global warming and climate change is currently affecting human health and how the number of causalities is set to increase in the future. A Structured Body Is Key This is a follow up on the above tip. Integrating facts into your short essay does not mean you should cram every available writing space with scary facts and figures. It means that you should argue about your stance on things using one or two hard facts that will pass your message across to your intended audience. An example is providing insight to the amount of people affected by wildfires and droughts caused by global warming and climate change. Conclude in Style Your conclusion should not be wasted on further buttressing your point but it should get the audience on your side of the argument or to act on the facts you have provided in the body of your essay. A good conclusion for a short essay on global warming and human health in world climate change should get people to act today and take on alleviating the practice  that lead to these changes. Tips are a way to provide direction for those in need of help and we hope these tips serve you well in your journey to master the art of writing short essays. You can also choose your topic from this list of 20 short essay topics on global warming and human health in world climate change.

How Fuel Prices Effect Small Businesses

How Fuel Prices Effect Small Businesses Free Online Research Papers Introduction: â€Å"Numerous components make up the price of gasoline, including the cost of crude oil (45 percent), federal and state taxes (23 percent), refining costs (22 percent), and marketing and distribution costs (10 percent)† (Kyl, 2004). An increase in any of these components can easily raise the price of gasoline. An example of this would be the increased price of crude oil due to war threats in the Middle East (Keese, 2003). A couple of years ago, an oil strike in Venezuela also caused the price of gasoline to increase (Keese, 2003). Now imagine an increase in more than one component- the price of gasoline can get really expensive if two components or more have an increased in price. In the most recent election, proposition 87 called for a â€Å"†¦$4 billion annual tax on intrastate oil production† (Taylor Van Doren, 2006). Imposing the tax would cause an increase in the marginal cost of gasoline, but not imposing the tax would increase the production cost of gasoline. In either situation, the price of gasoline will increase. Gasoline prices are increasing and statistics show that they will continue to increase as time goes. Gasoline prices dramatically affect the cost of transportation, but they also affect businesses. Although big businesses suffer from the increasing cost of gasoline, small businesses are affected more. The increasing fuel prices are becoming a threat to small businesses because they are not able to fund for the sudden change in price- three businesses in general that are affected are independent car dealerships, transportation companies, and airlines. Independent car dealerships: Independent, small, dealerships are usually those dealerships that are individually owned. They are normally used car dealerships that offer a limited selection at lower prices than a big, named dealership would. The business is quite expensive to start, but is ideal for car lovers. The returns however, if successful, are rewarding. If unsuccessful the returns on the business may lead to failure and even bankruptcy. There’s a risk involved in starting any small business. Unlike larger car dealerships, small dealerships cannot offer incentives or regular sales. Some small car dealerships, if going well, can offer sales on more regular occasions. The competition is great with bigger car dealerships because they are able to fluctuate prices more than smaller dealerships. As the price for fuel increases, less people are willing to buy a car, especially one with a poor mileage to gallon rate. Some incentives that larger dealerships have offered are a fixed gas price for a year, sale priced vehicles at employee discount rates, and zero interest or low interest for a certain period of time. It is more difficult for a smaller dealership to offer these incentives to their buyers because they have a smaller budget than the bigger dealerships. Instead, they have to raise their prices in order to make up for the loss of buyers. Raising vehicle prices however does not attract more buyers. Higher prices cause the consumer to go buy at a lower price. Small dealerships must do this because it will make up for the loss of buyers and they will still be able to stay in business. Once fuel prices lower, they are then able to lower the price of the vehicle once again. As the price of fuel continues to increase, the future for small dealerships doesn’t look very promising. Trucking companies: Depending on the particular company, trucking companies offer a variety of transportation services in delivery and courier. Truckers may drive for long hours and long distances in order to get their shipment delivered on time. All trucking companies have one thing in common: their main source of transportation requires fuel. Whether they are delivering pizza in a compact car or delivering a shipment of products to a warehouse in an 18-wheeler truck, they require fuel to get from one destination to another. As fuel prices increase it is getting more expensive for trucking companies to deliver their required shipments or to make required errands. â€Å"For every 10-cent rise in the cost of diesel, an average 1000 fleets go bankrupt† (Kilcarr, 2004). Trucking companies need to account for maintenance fees of the truck itself and also fuel fees; if the company cannot fund these fees then the company is left out of business. The main source if the trucking company is the vehicle. Without the vehicle, the company no longer exists. Trucking companies usually account for the higher prices of fuel by raising shipment prices for the consumer or manufacturer. By raising prices, just like the small dealerships, trucking companies can make up for the increased fuel prices. Many trucking companies also look for the shortest routes and link close routes together, so that they can get more shipments out in a single drive or on a single tank of gasoline. By changing driving habits, the truck driver can also conserve gas and maximize the fuel economy. (Kilcarr, 2004) Airlines: Airlines provide air transportation to people as a source for traveling. Flying is an alternative, efficient, and convenient way of traveling from one location to another. Certain companies also ship cargo and transport various goods through airplanes. â€Å"For most airlines, fuel it is the second largest expense category behind labor† (Kuhlman, 2005). Airlines require fuel to fly and the price of fuel increasing has caused a problem for many airlines. Airlines are a business that must respond quickly to the increase in fuel prices and not all airlines are able to handle an increase in fuel prices. Similar to the other businesses, airlines increase prices in order to account for the increasing fuel prices. However, some small airlines with smaller planes cannot account for these prices because even though it costs less to operate a smaller plane, the number of people cannot account for the increase in fuel prices. The airline would have to increase the ticket price much higher than a larger airline would. The larger airline can account for the increasing fuel price at a lower cost because they have more passengers and more flights to offer. (Kuhlman, 2005) As time goes by and fuel prices continue to increase, Kuhlman believes that the airline business will soon fade. The prices will become too great that only the rich and the government will be able to afford to travel by air. He predicts that airlines will soon go out of business and oil prices will be too high to account for. No one is quite sure of the future of airlines, but one can only guess that it will not be easy in the future for airline to fund for the fuel prices. Conclusion: Increasing fuel prices are greatly affecting not only small business, but major businesses as well. The only difference is that bigger businesses are more able to fund the rising fuel prices because of the foundation they’ve created. Smaller business and beginning businesses however do not normally have a backbone or support that they can fall back on, so it is much harder for them to fund for the increasing fuel prices. â€Å"There’s no readily available source of energy that can replace oil as it steadily declines over the coming decades. In the present form, alternative energies are simply not capable to replace fossil fuels at the scale, rate and manner at which the world currently consumes them† (Kuhlman, 2005). Alternative fuels have become popular over the past several years, but there haven’t been any discoveries that can power even a car for a long distance. Citizens can and should take part in voting for funding more research in alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are the future and if funding is not readily available, then it will take longer for researchers to discover new fuels and technologies. The longer it takes, the more consumers will suffer with increasing prices. References California Energy Commission (2006). Weekly Transportation Fuels Trend. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from energy.ca.gov/gasoline/ Energy Information Administration (2006). A Primer on Diesel Fuel Prices. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/ diesel/dieselprices2006.pdf Keese, W. J. (2003). Causes for Gasoline and Diesel Price Increases in California. California Energy Commission. Retrieved November 18, 2006 from, energy.ca.gov/2003_price_spikes/ 2003-04-02_GASOLINE_FINAL.PDF Kilcarr, S (2004). Fuel’s Wild Ride. FleetOwner. Retrieved November 25, 2006, from http://fleetowner.com/management/feature/fleet_fuels_wild_ride/ Kuhlman, A (2005). Peak Oil: The Coming Global Crisis and the Decline of Avaiation. Retrieved November 25, 2006, from http://www1.airliners.net/articles/ read.main?id=81 Kyl, J (2004). Identifying the Causes of Rising Gasoline Prices. Republican Policy Committee. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from http://rpc.senate.gov/ _files/Jun0104updatedGasolinePG.pdf Schleicher, A (2003). Venezuelan Oil Strike. NewsHour Extra. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june03/ venezuela.html Taylor, J Van Doren, P (2006). California Focus: Prop 87 Equals Higher Gas Prices. Cato Institute. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from cato.org / pub_display.php?pub_id=6714 U. S. Department of State. Chapter 4 Small Business and the corporation. International Information Programs. Retrieved November 25, 2006, from http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/oecon/chap4.htm Research Papers on How Fuel Prices Effect Small BusinessesDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Analyzing Paul Cezannes Post Impressionistic Painting Still Life With A Curtain

Analyzing Paul Cezanne's Post Impressionistic Painting Still Life With A Curtain Final Paper Instead of being interested in the lighting and phenomenon of color, post impressionists move towards bright colors and sharp edges. The artists of the post impressionistic period chose not to work together because there work focused on what they each individually felt including theories, goals, and views of the world. I chose Paul Cezannes painting entitled Still Life With a Curtain, an oil on canvas that some consider one of his best and most influential still lives. When you look at this painting, I first notice the preservation and display of the bright colors, specifically the oranges and the flower pot. Even the off white table cloth which appears to be filthy contrasts with the other colors to make them seem even brighter. Paul Cezanne was a french artist and post impressionist painter who helped transition to a new world of art in the 20th century. His brushstrokes are highly recognizable in the art world as was moving to explore new methods. Many artists take Cezannes final twenty years of his life being spent in the south of France as an inspiration, as if he gave everything up in the name of art. Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gaugine and vuillard are some of my personal favorite Post Impressionistic painters. I have chosen to write about Cezanne because I like the way he analyzes nature. Cezanne was never into the way impressionists tried to mimic the specific look and feel of nature, instead he was interested in still lifes. You can see is his later watercolors and landscapes the pattern of his brushstrokes always overlapping. This was a precursor to cubism. He insisted on personal expression through his art, which was a major part of the post impressionistic movement. He believed that there was a hidden ord er in nature and it could be displayed in a non traditional way, such as with a simple painting of fruit and a flower pot on a slanted table. Although his paintings remained to be abstract, you can still easily recognize the objects in them. Although Cezannes piece Still Life With A Curtain and Van Goghs Starry Night seem to be very different from each other, they are from the same post impressionist period. Both pieces of art contain sharp edges, the use of bright colors, and a personal touch from the artist. Below, I have placed a picture of Van Goghs Starry Night alongside Cezannes painting. Both Cezanne and Van Gogh worked with unique styles to show there own interests through their artwork. For example, you can sense Van Goghs love of religion and nature through his painting of Starry Night by the emotional swirls in the sky and by the size of the stars. When we see stars at night they are not that large, but Van Gogh evokes his emotions and love for the stars through the sheer size he paints them. We see them as tiny spots in the sky, but he views them as massive beautiful swirls of light. Invoking personal interests is an important part of post impressionism. Cezanne wanted to re-create the world in the way he see s it through his art, and he did this through his use of bright colors to give his the fruit in his painting a more round shape. Both artists took an interest in the Provencal countryside. In both these paintings, I believe Cezanne and Van Gogh are attempting to show what they believe to be the hidden order of nature. They abandon the illusionist views of background and foreground and instead create there own idea of pictorial space. Although the paintings are seen as abstract, you can still clearly pick out the objects in the scenes. For example, you can clearly see that those are stars and a church in Van Goghs Starry Night, and at the same time you can see that Cezanne is painting fruit on the table. He is the father of modern art and lead the way for artists like Picasso to come along and flatten the picture plane out, which is what modernism is for many people, the move toward abstraction and flatness in a picture plane. He was interested in sacrificing illusionist flatness for a psychological depth. The paintings show a clear picture of C?zannes intense study of his subjects because of the great detail he goes into, but also his inner struggle with complicated field of human visual perception. Both artists are great examples of post impressionism and its move towards Cubism.

People Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

People Management - Assignment Example These other steps are of great importance in the marketing sector, where a good relationship with the customer is the ultimate goal( Armstrong, 37) Human resource is one of the most difficult and challenging resources to manage. Humans have emotions as opposed to machines which can be programed to do various tasks. Skills on management of people who are hard to manage are therefore very necessary. Most of the time the hardest challenges have the simplest solutions. First the managers have to accept that management is cumbersome and stop fighting it. This helps in approaching delicate employees’ issues with positivity. Secondly, they should face those issues head on and solve them promptly. In order to handle the challenges effectively, they should see them both from the managerial and employee perspective. Employees can sometimes be very difficult and stressful to deal with, therefore help from others like a colleague, a mentor or one’ own manager, would be very helpful. Their response about a given employee would be very critical in decision making. Setting up of clear and measurable goals is also an important to ol when evaluating individual employee’s performance. Lastly, they should view employees from the perspective of â€Å"a liability or an asset†. If an employee is an asset, keep him/her but if a liability let go (Richardson, 36). 1. Have a one-on-one discussion with her. Make her free to present her case and listen carefully to her concerns. This will help in coming up with an amicable solution to her problems. Listening to her would save the day because there could just be a mere misunderstanding. 2. Provide her with a crystal clear behavioral feedback. This would involve telling her what she should do differently to regain the trust of the customers. This may entail transferring her to another branch to meet new customers (Neil, 80). 3. Make a list of the mistakes Alexander has

External Business Enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

External Business Enviroment - Essay Example De Rome (2006) describes environment as the surroundings where a person or an entity gets influenced. This means the circumstances that surround us are the environment. Same as we perceive the surroundings, the businesses gets affected the same way. Environment is very important when we discuss the nature of the business and its location. Perhaps, the environment controls businesses and can either make them profitable or else shut these off. The word external is described as any force, issue, person, or anything connected to outside, (Bradley C. Karkkainen, 1994 ; William H. Rodgers, 1994). This refers to everything that is connected with the exterior of a certain thing, is called external. External in this report, will be discussed with reference to the forces that influence a change in the business environment and its strategies. U.K. is a well stabled, prosper and a developed nation, and that’s a major reason behind many businessmen who want to invest in United Kingdom. United Kingdom’s environment is a business friendly and is also very welcoming to new trends, which makes the market profitable and every business find a way to the profits because of the cosmopolitan nature of the country. London is considered to be a magnet for global businesses and investors. Moreover, the European Union serves as an addition to the market of London. Businessmen just intend to enter in to the single largest market of the world, with the world leading financial services of the world. By now, it is fairly understood that how is the U.K. environment in terms of businesses, operate and why are the investors so keen to invest in the pool.

Manage people performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Manage people performance - Essay Example As the organization is already highly differentiated in terms of market segmentation the overarching company goals are expanding these market elements into larger markets, as well as creating more value for members. Still, within this context of understanding there are specific company goals that further articulate the organization’s strategic initiatives. In these regards, the first company goal has been indicated to be, â€Å"To deliver our core products and services to a standard and quality which meets or exceeds members’ expectations† (‘Racq’). In these regards, the company recognizes that while they achieved significant success, it’s necessary to continue to develop and create customer value in as effective and efficient way as possible. In ensuring that customer expectations are met and exceeded the organization can retain current customers and expand into new markets. A second primary company goal is to develop means of increasing the value of membership in a mutual gains approach for company and customer. While this may seem counter-intuitive, the company understands that in developing greater efficiency measures, strengthened partnerships, and greater strategy, membership can be both expanded as a means of offering greater value to the customer and still retaining an increased profit share. The final company goal is to develop new and sustainable income streams that function within the company’s brand and vision. Since it’s beginnings the Royal Automobile Club of Queensland has been highly successful in not simply gaining members, but also in expanding the membership benefits and sources of revenue. One considers that the company does not simply provide roadside assistance, but also gains revenue from car and automobile insurance. The company then desires to expand into even further markets as a means of gaining profit and developing the organization. There are a number of critical success factors for the

Death of Stalin and Soviet Succession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death of Stalin and Soviet Succession - Essay Example Malenkov emphasized on consumer goods production that saw the reduction of the tax payments by the peasants as well as the collective farm policy. Nikita thought also of an agricultural policy and this led him to develop the virgin lands. Nikita forged alliances with other parties to strengthen his position and he forced Malenkov to resign since he was party less. Nikita achieved as the successor of Stalin where he revived the party apparatus and reasserted control over the military, state security, and the state ministers. Kim Donggil account is that the Soviets took way North Korean properties such as food and factories left by the Japanese and the issue led to the Korean War. According to the author, Stalin did not like the presence of China or America in Korea since he had interests in the country. Stalin approved Kim II Sung attack on the Republic of Korea to guarantee Soviet political and economic interests in Korea while avoiding a direct clash with America in the region. Stalin actions were to advance Soviet interests in the sphere of influence to demand postwar strategic plan while avoiding the precipitation of Third World War. Stalin abandoned the pursuit of cooperation while he acted to tighten Soviet control in Eastern Europe. Shen Zhihua declares that Moscow need to know the American military apparatus, weapon stockpiles, troop dispositions, and atomic armaments. Moscow dispatched a Soviet doctor to spy on Mao Tse-tung while treating the Chinese red boss.2 The Soviet planned to collaborate with Korean once they realized that American troops had under strength and poor equipments in the country. Moscow assumed that United States had no chance of sending reinforcements in Korea. To guide a Soviet-Korean operation, Moscow dispatched 10,000 Russian officers and military supplies at Manchuria so that they can observe United States tactics to enable them plan on the enemy combative

A Response to Crossing the Tracks of Friendship and Dating Essay

A Response to Crossing the Tracks of Friendship and Dating - Essay Example It also shows that lately there have been signs of disagreements in the relationship on topics like "religion, being involved in church, and also about being sexual" (Braithwaite, 1999). Beneath the questions is the hidden issue of intimacy, whether they would indulge in it since they have started to get involved physically already or abandon it altogether in congruence to their concept of friendship. Despite their uncertainties, Robert and Anya's main objective is still each other's well-being because they do genuinely love each other and are, "almost soul-mates" (Braithwaite, 1999). That love is outwardly displayed in the form of constant communication about their relationship, that they can be "open and direct with each other" (Braithwaite, 1999). The dominant medium of communication is the late-night conversations over the telephone. Because of their willingness to talk openly together they seek solutions to their questions. One solution they have come up for their interpersonal issues is their mutual categorical agreement not to date. One convenient advantage is the clarity of the definition of friendship and its conventional boundaries, that they need not anymore court possible miscommunication or mixed signals with their actions towards each other. This is the best solution at hand because it is commonly agreed by both and leaves no room for ambiguity. The disadvantage, however, is that it currently halts any development towards and intimate relationship. A relationship is a dynamic process and two people who are attracted to each other and share the same values ought to have every room available for going to the next level, if permitted. Yet both also see the possibility that they "don't have to see friendship and romance as excluding each other" (Braithwaite, 1999), that maybe they can have both. An advantage of this solution is the acceptance and recognition that both concepts, although seemingly contradictory, can further enhance the relationship. In friendship is the ease that Robert and Anya have already established in talking about anything of consequence which can probably lead, as they further mature, to a deeper understanding of each other's unique individuality and very personal needs that romance can fill in. This case teaches us that interpersonal communication is a practical necessity that requires a lot of work to interact well in society. Interpersonal communication is a work by itself. It s not just a passive tool to be used to go about one's everyday business but is something that grows and can be developed through deliberate effort. One applicable theory in the case is the theory of Relational Dialectics of Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery which tells about the simultaneous presence of the push and pull of tensions in a close relationship. The closer the relationship is the more conflicts will come threatening to tear the relationship apart (Cooke, "Relational"). It is evidenced by Anya's perception of Robert's lack of consideration of her feelings when he kissed her without her express consent, the early observation incompatibility, the playful accusations of who likes whom more with Robert's vehement rebuttal, Anya's supposed flirtatious nature and her denial of it. Under this theory, these potential conflicts are best

IMPORTANCE AND INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND Research Paper

IMPORTANCE AND INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - Research Paper Example This will also involve a discussion on the major challenges facing disaster management and how the social media can be used to defray these challenges. The paper will concentrate on information sharing, disaster preparation and decision-making as well as information collection. These four social media functions will then be mapped on to three crisis management phases of awareness, reaction, and recovery to outline how a variety of social media tools may be utilized to improve crisis communications. The paper will also share several cases of global organizations and governments that use social media for crisis management. The research paper proposes a model to improve government utilization of social media for crisis management that includes the necessity for a mandate, distinct guidelines and several key capabilities that need to be developed. The proposed tools will help governments and organizations in emergency management and disaster preparedness. According to Sturges (2004) crisis management is an important organizational function that deals with planning and dynamic occurrence reaction to situations as they take place, usually in unpredictable ways. The flowing effects of a happening crisis can thrash a country’s or an organization’s capability to function effectively and may bring about serious harm to its citizens, institutions, assets, and repute. The emergence of an array of social media tools has transformed the landscape of crisis management significantly over the last few years with promises for social action now becoming certainties. With the availability of various software tools such as online discussion forums and news aggregators, organizations are now able to distribute, attain, and scrutinize information in a more efficient manner and expansively. While social media has the capability to bar a crisis from getting out of control,

A Response to Crossing the Tracks of Friendship and Dating Essay

A Response to Crossing the Tracks of Friendship and Dating - Essay Example It also shows that lately there have been signs of disagreements in the relationship on topics like "religion, being involved in church, and also about being sexual" (Braithwaite, 1999). Beneath the questions is the hidden issue of intimacy, whether they would indulge in it since they have started to get involved physically already or abandon it altogether in congruence to their concept of friendship. Despite their uncertainties, Robert and Anya's main objective is still each other's well-being because they do genuinely love each other and are, "almost soul-mates" (Braithwaite, 1999). That love is outwardly displayed in the form of constant communication about their relationship, that they can be "open and direct with each other" (Braithwaite, 1999). The dominant medium of communication is the late-night conversations over the telephone. Because of their willingness to talk openly together they seek solutions to their questions. One solution they have come up for their interpersonal issues is their mutual categorical agreement not to date. One convenient advantage is the clarity of the definition of friendship and its conventional boundaries, that they need not anymore court possible miscommunication or mixed signals with their actions towards each other. This is the best solution at hand because it is commonly agreed by both and leaves no room for ambiguity. The disadvantage, however, is that it currently halts any development towards and intimate relationship. A relationship is a dynamic process and two people who are attracted to each other and share the same values ought to have every room available for going to the next level, if permitted. Yet both also see the possibility that they "don't have to see friendship and romance as excluding each other" (Braithwaite, 1999), that maybe they can have both. An advantage of this solution is the acceptance and recognition that both concepts, although seemingly contradictory, can further enhance the relationship. In friendship is the ease that Robert and Anya have already established in talking about anything of consequence which can probably lead, as they further mature, to a deeper understanding of each other's unique individuality and very personal needs that romance can fill in. This case teaches us that interpersonal communication is a practical necessity that requires a lot of work to interact well in society. Interpersonal communication is a work by itself. It s not just a passive tool to be used to go about one's everyday business but is something that grows and can be developed through deliberate effort. One applicable theory in the case is the theory of Relational Dialectics of Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery which tells about the simultaneous presence of the push and pull of tensions in a close relationship. The closer the relationship is the more conflicts will come threatening to tear the relationship apart (Cooke, "Relational"). It is evidenced by Anya's perception of Robert's lack of consideration of her feelings when he kissed her without her express consent, the early observation incompatibility, the playful accusations of who likes whom more with Robert's vehement rebuttal, Anya's supposed flirtatious nature and her denial of it. Under this theory, these potential conflicts are best

Cross-Cultural Health Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Cross-Cultural Health Perspectives Essay Breastfeeding practices around the world are vastly different. There are countries who are active promoters of breastfeeding and others who seem to take the care less attitude. The diverse approaches to breastfeeding found between and within societies are largely based on cultural rather than individual differences. For the purposes of this paper, comparisons between Iran and Australia concerning the act of breastfeeding will be looked at along with ideas of how to improve the initiation and duration rates and a discussion of the benefits of increasing initial breastfeeding and continuing to do so for the health benefit of the child and mother. Presently, in Iran, breastfeeding is viewed as an openly society norm and it all stems from a religious background in a country that believes in the total care of an infant and who is willing to provide the most optimal care possible. It is interesting, that 100 percent of the hospitals in Iran are in complete agreement and following the â€Å"Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)† as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Mothers are given free opportunities to attend antenatal classes and a lot of time and attention is placed on the initial bonding time as well as the 24 hour rooming in the hospital. Iran has also taken the initiative to standardize their health education that is provided from medical staff to any literature and training that is provided to the mother and family. Specifically, mothers are educated on the adverse effects of man-made formulas and supplies that are not beneficial to the children, which include the negative long term effects of using such products. Home and follow-up care is also provided free of charge up to two years of age where the health professionals reinforce continuous breastfeeding, which greatly encourages the mothers to keep going. Working mothers are granted four months of paid leave that is increasing to six months in the near future. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Australia in contrast, maintains inconsistencies in regards to breastfeeding. It is a country that has chosen not to adopt the World Health Organization program of the BFHI and therefore has an incredibly low rate of 4. 5 percent of the women who breastfeed. Fascinatingly, it is not the norm in Australia to be open about breastfeeding or to even start and continue for the recommended two year length. The health professional opinions of breastfeeding are also inconsistent and are much different than Iran’s. They take the stance that breastfeeding provides no more benefit than using artificial means of feeding a child. With the professionals unconvincing attitude it is no wonder that the country does not provide accessible and affordable antenatal classes to their mothers. During the hospital stay, alternative means of feeding the baby are presented to the mother in addition to the non encouragement of rooming-in after delivery and the avoidance of skin-to-skin contact with their babies. For the working mother, only 23 percent of the mothers are granted maternity leave which on average is a total of eight weeks. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Improving the breast feeding initiation and duration rates for Iran, although they are very good, could be accomplished by increasing the positive feedback to the mothers each time they are seen to encourage them to keep it up the great work and remind them of the benefits they are providing their children and themselves. They could also be improved by increasing the media advertisements in communities such as billboards and educating high school and college students about the critical information. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Initiation and duration rates for Australia could be improved by not taking the baby out of the room when the mother wants to rest in the hospital. Instead of encouraging the mother, adopt a hospital policy that all babies will room-in with the mother immediately after birth, because the 60 – 90 minutes after are the most critical to establishing the bond. Also, not having the alternative formulas available for the mother’s when they ask for it. (Murphy Mullaly, 2009). It is a total mind modification that must take place within the medical community as well as in the country to make the change for the better to breastfeed babies. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Developing a BFHI program in Australia would involve an entire country shift of thinking about breastfeeding. It would be a massive educational campaign with statistics, articles and advertisements. Providing consistent antenatal classes that are available to everyone at a minimal or no cost to the mothers along with follow-up care that is included for up to two years. It is important for Australia and clinicians to get on board with breastfeeding. The adverse effects must be talked about and collectively the country as medical professionals must come together and agree that the benefits of the man-made formulas are not even close to the long term benefits of a mother’s milk. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Australia, Iran and the rest of the world can and are making a difference in a little one’s life. It is just a matter of taking on the responsibilities and educating the public on the benefits of breastfeeding and following through. Which in-turn increases the overall initiation and duration rates that make our world a better place to live and work for all and especially our babies! References Breastfeeding answers from La Leche League. (Feb, 2007). La Leche League International. Retrieved March 27, 2010 from http://www. llli. org/nb. html. Murphy, S. , Mullally, A.. (October, 2009). Breastfeeding lacks medical support. Irish Medical Times, 43(40), 10. Retrieved March 27, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Trade Industry. First-of-Its-Kind Program Aims to Reduce Primary Barrier to Breastfeeding for Hourly and Lower-Wage Working Mothers. (February, 2009). U. S. Newswire. Retrieved March 27, 2010, from ProQuest Newsstand. Zaeeai, M. , Obrien, M. L. , Fallon, A. B. (2007). Creating a breastfeeding culture: A comparison of breastfeeding practises in Australia and Iran. Breastfeeding Review, 15(2), 15-24. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.

Evaluation of Indias Online Travel Industry

Evaluation of Indias Online Travel Industry MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS PROJECT: ONLINE TRAVEL INDUSTRY GROUP MEMBERS: Nikita Goenka (PGP30324) Padmaja Agnihotri (PGP30316) Sandeep Kumar (ABM11034) Ravali Malka (PGP30317) Vishwas Nandan (PGP 30353) Saurav Kumar (PGP30340) Rohan Kokane (PGP30336) BACKGROUND India is a country with vast demography and a wide spectrum of opportunities. Better job avenues have gifted the youth with greater discretionary power. Rising use of internet plastic money has made the field of e-commerce an exponentially growing field in recent times. Why E-Travel as a subject of research? E-travel in India has a lion’s share in the Indian E-commerce contributing to a whopping 82% to the entire market share in the year 2013 (Graph 1). Also, E-travel exhibited a marvelous annual growth of 53% in 2013 over 2012. This is further complemented by the fact that the Indian tourism industry is the 2nd fastest growing in the world. The present paper aims at unravelling various facets of this booming industry and studying its position in the private sector, especially e-commerce industry. Other merits: Online travel demands least capital infrastructure costs Quick delivery of services enhances consumer satisfaction EVOLUTION Based on the single idea of easing travelling in India, online travel services started around a decade ago. Booming of IT sector in India was one of the major factors stimulating online travel. Online travelling segment constitutes around 70% 80% ($25 billion) of all e-commerce activities and has been a major driver of the industry. Key schemes and policies implemented by e-commerce industry can be considered as major factor for success of the segment. Exhaustive assistance, user friendly websites, customer grievance redress are the major attractions prevailing in the segment. Makemytrip, Yatra.com, Redbus are some websites which have seen rocketed growth as presented in Graph 2 and Graph 3. PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Price Elasticity is defined as percentage change in demand due to one percent change in price. Online travel industry faces more level of price sensitivity than traditional channels, majorly because of ease of access to- PRODUCT INFORMATION PRICE INFORMATION CHANNEL SELECTION FORWARD LINKAGES: Nowadays Travel industry is not restricted to its conventional travel business only. It has extended to forward linkages like bus tickets, travel insurance firm hotels. Share of each linkage has been presented in Graph 4 Regulations Introduced by the government and its impact: The regulatory norms laid down by the government of India are aimed at promoting growth of the market which have effect on the online travel industry. With the customers slowly moving from traditional ways of booking to online, these norms have greatly influenced the growth of online travel industry. A few regulatory norms laid are as follows: COST STRUCTURE: The cost structure of online travel can be analysed in two ways: Traditional costing analysis through study of the PL statement ABC (activity based costing ) by analyzing the cost driver for each specific segment The following sections explains both the above stated viewpoints: Traditional costing analysis: The income statements of various big players of the online travel industry are available for study. One such player is Makemytrip.com, a leading firm in online travel. Graph 5 summarizes the various expenses of Makemytrip for 4 consecutive years in descending order. Activities of online travel: The various activities of online travel have been are categorized as: Core Activities and Support Activities The activities are studied considering their respective drivers in terms of the resources allotted and other factors such as time and space devoted etc. PRODUCTION STRUCTURE Online travel industry offers services to its customers as a product. There are various types of services which online travel industry offers:- Core services Air, Rail and hotel advance bookings and ticketing Discount fares program Event management service Value added services Tracking of journey 24 hours emergency service Ticket approval using email system Insurance Graph 6: Traffic generated from mobile devices. Graph 7: Reach of travel portals (India and Global) Graph 8: Profit Margin by segments PRODUCTION FUNCTION A production function gives relationship between inputs (capital, labour and other factors) and outputs (goods and services). Online travel agency have high initial and fixed cost which it makes as less labour intensive sector. U= U (P, Y) Y= F (K, L) Where U = utility function of cost (P) and trips (Y) F = Production function of capital (K) (travel agencies) In short run, if labour is increased, the performance and maintenance of the online portal will be improvised. So this in-turn might increase number of trips for some time period then falls as online travel agency is more technology based and improving labour doesn’t increase much of output. In long run, an improvement in the state of technology shifts the production function up, leading to an increase in output per worker for a given level of capital per worker. The higher the technology, higher Y for a given K and L. An improvement in the state of technology shifts the production function up, leading to an increase in output per worker for a given level of capital per worker COST FUNCTION Cost function is effect of level of production on the cost which the firm is incurring. Since in online travel industry we don’t have any such physical product, we can relate the level of production with the sales generated by company. Cost analysis for Thomas Cook has been done in Table 1 and Graph 9. TABLE – 1: Thomas Cook- Average and Marginal cost of the service delivered Year Sales (INR in mn) Total Cost (INR in mn) AC MC 2010 3455 3086 0.8932 2011 4017 3094 0.7703 0.01 2012 4386 3300 0.7524 0.557 2013 13031 10269 0.7881 0.80 Source: www.securities.com/emis/ Industry- Online travel Graph 9: Cost analysis for Thomas Cook (All money figures are in INR million) Inferences: The data given in Table 1 shows the average and marginal cost of the service delivered. From graph 9 we can see that the average cost reaches a minimum value of 0.45 at a sales value of INR 8700mn approximately. As the scale of operations of Thomas Cook went up beyond this point the average cost also increased. Clearly it is evident that the company isn’t operating at its minimum cost point. Due to sudden increase in scale of operations, the company might not have optimized its value chain. REGRESSION ANALYSIS IRCTC E-ticket booking: IRCTC started its e-ticket booking facility from 2005 August. By that time there was already i-ticket booking in IRCTC where tickets will be delivered through courier to the house after booking through internet. Once IRCTC launched E-ticket booking, the sales through I-ticketing started declining and this new facility increasing sales of IRCTC. Number of people using internet in 2012 is 11.4% of total population as compared to 4.5% of total population in 2005. This rapid growth in internet users resulted in increment of number of tickets booked through IRCTC. Graph 10: Regression Analysis for IRCTC E-ticket booking Inferences: In 2005, internet Company Sify had announced its tie up with Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) to make online railway ticketing service available at over 3,400 iWay cybercafà ©s across 154 cities, on cash payments. In 2008, With 8 lacs tickets sold every day on its website, IRCTC had announced its expansion policy to give services and sell airline tickets. With overall increase in train travel quality and increase in train travelling, e-tickets are in demand. PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS: MAKE MY TRIP www.moneycontrol.com Year Revenue Total Cost Profit 2011 $124,721.00 $119,891.00 $4,830.00 2012 $196,599.00 $189,951.00 $7,048.00 2013 $228,822.00 $256,411.00 ($27,589.00) 2014 $255,375.00 $276,281.00 ($20,906.00) Graph 11 Inferences: Based on the above analysis MakeMyTrip has achieved its break-even point somewhere in between 2012 and 2013. After that point it has been experiencing losses. PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS THOMAS COOK www.moneycontrol.com Year Revenue(In Cr.) Total Cost(In Cr.) Profit(In Cr.) 2009 242.00 184.00 58.00 2010 282.00 193.00 89.00 2011 340.00 232.00 108.00 2012 386.00 270.00 116.00 2013 383.00 267.00 116.00 Graph 12 Inferences: From above graph, Thomas cook has passed its break-even point and has been experiencing profits for last 5 years. APPENDIX Graph 1: E commerce Market share Graph 2: Growth trend in the online travel market Graph 3: Percentage of online users Graph 4: E commerce market share (including the forward linkages) Graph 5: Summary of expenses of Makemytrip for 4 consecutive years in descending order: Source : http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/mmyt/financials?query=income-statement Graph 6: Traffic generated from mobile devices Graph 7: Reach of travel portals Segment % age Air Travel 7 Train Travel 5 Bus Travel 12 Car Rentals 15 Hotels tours and Packages 20 Graph 8: Profit Margin by segments 2013 Source: E Y

Driving Essay -- essays research papers

One of the greatest things that teenagers look forward to is getting their driver ¡Ã‚ ¦s licence and getting the freedom to do whatever they want. Ever since graduated licensing began five years ago, on April 1,1994, many people have made good and bad comments about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The government has recently said that ever since graduated licensing started, there have been fewer accidents involving young drivers. Looking at it another way, it costs consumers less money, beacause fewer cars need to be repair. By having graduated licensing , there are fewer unexperienced young drivers on our roads. Also, insurance companies are a lot happier because they don ¡Ã‚ ¦t suffer too much by having to pay out claims. If there are complications in getting a licence, then fewer people will take the test. They might consider taking public transportation, which is a very good thing to do for our environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, ever since graduated licensing began, many teenagers and some parents, have started to complain. The teenagers have said that nowdays getting a licence is too complicated and too strict. They think that it is not fair to them. They thinl graduated licensing is designed to penalize all young drivers, but not every teenagers drives dangerously. Parents also said that fees and driving courses are too expensive, just to get a license. Parents should not complaint about the price of taking driving lessons because those driving le...

Employee Empowerment in Flat Organizations Essay -- Employment Custome

Employee Empowerment in Flat Organizations A flat organization is a culture of ownership and partnership, it is an organization that uses teams to increase efficiency, responsiveness and flexibility. The focus is on customer satisfaction, work is directly connected, to customer processes. Employees in a flat organization know the business, they have been delegated the power to think for the whole company. Flat organizations are giving lower management more responsibilities; they are expected to make more decisions to integral operations. Good decision-making is a balance between getting most of what we want with as little risk as possible. It means that we use the right processes that encourage participation while keeping the focus on the decisions at hand. Every organization has decisions that need to be made daily. Organizational performance is largely dependent upon the decision-making processes that a particular organization uses. Having good decision making skills allows us to make the decision with a degree of confidence and efficiency. Employees at all levels will be able to make decisions with greater confidence if they have processes. Processes provide clarity to think through the recommendation and the process to make coherent decisions. Processes improve our ability to think clearly and a company that adopts a common decision making process improves the outcome and efficiency of decisions made. A process will map out how to plan, frame and resea...

Change in My Life

It is not easy to adapt oneself to new circumstances especially moving to a country that you have never come always brings you difficulties such as: people, language, custom and culture†¦ The first time I came to the US, I looked like a fish out of water. Everyone looked so different from people my country. I could not understand when they talked to me†¦ But I was very lucky. I met good friends and teachers at school. They helped me a lot not only studying at school but also getting used to my new life and American culture.I used to think that there is a little group of Vietnamese here. But after coming, it is not like that. I can see Vietnamese everywhere in Portland. At school, there are probably over 20 Vietnamese students. Every Sunday, I go to Church with my family, the number of Vietnamese there may add up to thousands of people. Three months ago, I took the Oregon Instruction Permit Test at DMV. Once more, I was very surprised when they told me that I could take the test in Vietnamese. I realized there is a large Vietnamese community in Portland that I had not known about before.When I first went to school, I saw lots of Vietnamese students there. Because my English was not good, the counselor introduced me to 3 Vietnamese guys who were good to me. They were very nice to introduce everything at school to me such as: show me how to use my locker, how to pick up lunch†¦ They also suggested me how to study and what classes I need to take or not. As a result, I used to want to make friends with all Vietnamese students in my school because I thought they could help me, and it was hard to make friends with other students while I was not good at English.I almost used Vietnamese at school and joined their group. But after that, I realized that most of them are not as good as I thought. They usually use bad language, especially when they do not agree with the teachers. Because they spoke in Vietnamese, the teachers did not understand anything. I di d not see the good in them. They always ask to borrow my homework and copy my answers when we had tests. When I came here, my goal was to study English well and get used to my new life. That was why I decided to leave their group and stay away from them.That seemed to be a good decision. I tried to study more. I was brave to talk to my classmates and my teachers. They cared about me and helped me correct my bad pronunciation a lot. Now, I have 2 buddies, one came from China, the other came from the Philippines. They are really good friends. My English has been improving considerably. I have more friends at school and do very well in every class. Then I got rid of the idea about making friends with Vietnamese. I remember I have 3 nice Vietnamese friends, and they are studying at university now.That does not mean I hate Vietnamese. There is a lesson to be learned from that matter: choose good company to make friend. Personally, I prefer non-Vietnamese to Vietnamese students because th ey can help me improve my English. I used to think that I must pay a lot of money for going to school if I study in USA. But in fact, I don’t have to pay anything. Because my parents have low-income, I even have a free bus pass and free lunch at school. In the future, if I go to university, I will have financial aid to support my tuition. It is very different from my country.In Vietnam, I have to pay a lot if I want to go to school regardless if it is primary school, high school, or university. Lots of children cannot go to school because their parents cannot afford to pay for school. Despite the government had policies to help poor students, those are not enough for everyone. These days, our life in Vietnam is better than in the past but there still have a lot of children who cannot go to school. I truly hope that the Vietnamese government can give the children the best conditions for them to study as the American government does.Last week, when I chatted with my friends on the internet, they told that I have changed so much. I used to wear shirt and pants in Vietnam. But after coming here, I realized that it is not suitable. Now I always wear a T-shirt and jeans. That made me more confident because I looked like other guys. Last weekend, my family went shopping for the winter. For me, it was really great because we have not gone shopping together for a long time. When we were in Vietnam, my parents had to work very hard from morning to night. They always want to give my brother and me the best conditions to study.They do not want us to think about making money. My family is very important to me. I always promise myself that I have to study hard and become successful. It will requite my parents’ services, and certainly that will be the biggest present which I can give them. In conclusion, there were many changes from the day I came here. Living 6 months in America was not a long time, but I studied many things here. Besides, my family is always next to me, and supports me whenever I need help. What I can do now is to continue to try more and do as well as I can. I will try to make my dream come true. n

Child Labor Laws In The 1800’s Essay

Child Labor, once known as the practice of employing young children in factories, now it’s used as a term for the employment of minors in general, especially in work that would interfere with their education or endanger their health. Throughout history and in all cultures children would work in the fields with their parents, or in the marketplace and young girls in the home until they were old enough to perform simple tasks. The use of child labor was not a problem until the Factory System. The Factory System is a working arrangement where a number of people cooperate to produce articles of consumption. Some form of Factory system has existed even since ancient times. In the later part of the 18th century in Britain, owners of cotton mills gathered up orphans and children of poor families all through the country, and had them work for the payment of housing and food. Some children as young as five or six were forced to work from 13 to 16 hours a day. Social reformers as early as 1802 tried to obtain legislative restrictions against the worst parts of the child-labor system, but little happened and little was done even to enforce existing laws which limited work hours and establishing a minimum age for employment. Children were permitted to work in dangerous jobs such as mining with the approval from political, social, and religious leaders. From this further impoverishment of poor families and a multitude of diseased and crippled children occurred. Agitation for the reform steadily increased. The first significant British Legislation was enacted in 1878, when the minimum age of employees was raised to 10 years and employers were required to restrict employment of children between the ages of 10 and 14 to alternate days or consecutive half days. In addition to making every Saturday a half holiday, this legislation limited the workday of children between 14 and 18 years of age to 12 hours, with a 2 hour intermission for meals and rest. Meanwhile the industrial system developed in other countries such as the  United States, bringing with it the abuses of child labor similar to those in Britain. In the early years of the 19th century, children between the ages of 7 and 12 made up one-third of the workforce in U.S. factories. The Shortage of adult male laborers, who held ideas regarding the evils of idleness among children, and so cooperated with employers, helping them recruit young factory hands from families. The earliest feature of the factory system that concerned many among leaders was the high illiteracy rate among child laborers. The first effective step toward legislation governing the education of these children was taken in 1836 when the Massachusetts Legislature adopted a law prohibiting the employment of any child under 15 years old who had received less than three months of school in the previous year. In 1848 Pennsylvania became the first state to regulate the age of youth employed in silk, cotton, or woolen mills by establishing a minimum age of 12. Several other states joined that, but none of the laws passed made provisions for establishing proof of the child’s age or for enforcement. The length of the workday was the next feature of the factory system to be regulated my legislation. By 1853 several states had adopted a ten-hour workday for children under 12 years of age. Despite the restrictions, the number of children in industry increased greatly in the U.S after the American Civil War, when industrial expansion resulted in demand for workers. By the end of the 19th century nearly one-fifth of all American children between the ages of 10 and 16 were employed greatly. By 1910 as the result of the public-enlightenment activities of various organizations, especially the National Child Labor Committee, the legislatures of several states had enacted restrictive legislation that led to sharp reductions in the number of children employed in industry. The U.S. Congress, in 1916, passed a law that set a national minimum age of 14 in industries producing non-agricultural goods for interstate commerce or export. In 1918, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, in a 5-4 decision, that the legislation was an unconstitutional infringement on personal freedom. The following year, the Congress tried another strategy to establish protection  for child workers through taxation of employers. But in 1022 the Child Labor Tax Law, as it was known, was ruled unconstitutional for being overly â€Å"prohibitory and regulatory.† In 1924, both houses of Congress passed an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, empowering Congress to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons less than 18 years of age. Even though the reluctance of state legislators to ratify the child-labor amendment, legislative attempts to deal with the problem nationally continued, notably during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The National Industrial recovery Act, passed by Congress in 1933, established a minimum age of 16 for workers in most industries. In hazardous industries a minimum age level of 18 was established. This law contributed to a great decrease in the number of yond workers, but the Supreme Court ruled the act unconstitutional in 1935. In the next year the Congress passed the Walsh-Healey Act, which prohibits firms producing goods under federal government contract from employing boys and girls less than 16 years of age. The nest important legislation on the problem was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, better known as the Federal Wage and Hour Law. This act was declared constitutional in 1941 by the Supreme Court, which overruled its former child-labor decision under a more liberal way of the commerce clause of the constitution. The Fair Labor Standards Act, amended in 1949, applies to all workers engaged in interstate or foreign commerce. Under the child-labor provisions of the act, minors 16 years of age and over may be employed in any occupation that has not been judged hazardous by the secretary of labor. The minimum age for work in industries classified as hazardous is 18. No minimum age is set for non-hazardous agricultural employment after school hours and during vacation. Minors 14 and 15 years of age may be employed in a variety of non-manufacturing, non-mining, and non-hazardous of occupations outside school hours and during vacations for limited hours and under other specified conditions of work. Every state today has child-labor laws. In most states employment of minors  under 16 in factories and during school hours is not allowed. Other provisions include 40 hour work week, working at night is prohibited, and work permits for minors under 18. Children working on farms are not completely protected by federal and state laws, which make no provisions for hazardous farm work outside school hours. The children of migratory workers, who move from harvest to harvest across the United States, are usually not subject to state laws because they do not fulfill residency requirements, and they are often unable to attend local schools, which have no provisions for seasonal increases in school enrollment. Other children exempted from federal and state labor laws are children employed as actors and performers in radio, television, and motion pictures, as newspaper deliverers and sales personnel, or as part-time workers at home. In the early 21st century, child labor remains a serious problem in many parts of the world. Studies show carried out in 1979, the International year of the child, show that more than 50 million children below the age of 15 were working in various jobs often under hazardous conditions. Many of those children live in poorer/under-developed countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Living Conditions are crude and their chances for education are very small. The little income they get is necessary for their family’s survival. These families lack the basic necessities that we take for granted like adequate food, decent clothing and shelter, and even water for bathing. In some countries industrialization has created working conditions for children that rival the worst features of the 19th century factories and mines. In India, around 20,000 children work 16 hour days in match factories. Child-labor problems don’t just happen in small undeveloped countries they happen all over the place even in America today. The most important effort to eliminate child-labor abuses through out the world come from the International Labor Organization, founded in 1919 and now a special agency of the United Nations. The organization has introduced several child-labor conventions among its members, including a minimum age of 16 years for admission to all work, a higher minimum age for specific types of  employment, medical exams, and regulation of night work. In the late 20th century the ILO added to this list of the worst forms of child labor, including slavery, prostitution, debt bondage(where children had to work to pay off loans made to their parents), and forced military service.

A Gothic novel Essay

‘How far can we accept Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as a typical example of the Gothic Tradition? Focus on specific examples of the genre to illustrate your answer. ‘ Many critics have named Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as a Gothic novel. A traditional Gothic novel can be described as, ‘ tales of the macabre, fantastic and supernatural. ‘ In the beginning, the word Gothic implied ‘medieval’, but with time its meaning altered, until its emphasis lay on the macabre. Many of the best gothic novels show examples of invention and produce moments of horror far greater than pieces that are less emotive. Frankenstein fits into this category. Victor Frankenstein is an ambitious, although misguided inventor, looking to solve the secret of life. In her introduction, Mary Shelley declares her desire to ‘curdle the blood and quicken the beatings of the heart. ‘ This type of language immediately signals to the reader that Frankenstein should be placed in the gothic genre. Gothic novels are generally said to include some of the following elements. They should be set in a castle with an atmosphere of suspense and mystery, there should be supernatural or otherwise inexplicable events, am ancient prophecy, omens, portents, visions, high or overwrought emotion, women in distress or threatened by a powerful, impulsive, tyrannical male, and finally the metonymy of gloom and horror. Frankenstein does not really include any of these points to the excess. It is not set in a castle and the language cannot really be said to be mysterious, as we are narrated clearly throughout. Can it still be said to be a gothic novel, even without any of the conventional gothic traits? The term gothic covers a wide variety of texts and is by no means easy to define. It is not that straightforward to therefore relate Frankenstein to other gothic novels. However, some certain elements of Frankenstein can be determined as gothic, even though other parts may not fit the pattern.

Business Ethics Case Study - The Nice Guy Essay

Business Ethics Case Study - The Nice Guy - Essay Example eople holding different managerial positions to possess leadership skills so that problem solving and decision making are done effectively and efficiently. This paper addresses the key aspects related to business ethics and discusses the essential leadership qualities required for ethical problem solving and strategic decision making. Let us first understand what business ethics is and how it relates to leadership issues and the overall business environment. In order to understand the relevance of ethical values in business, it is important to first realize the organizational structure as a social institute. An organization is formed by a collective group(s) of individuals with a vision to develop a network of common interest. Managers and executives are responsible for directing the resources of the organization. Shareholders are the owners of the capital, who expect profitable outcomes of their investment. Then there are employees who produce the goods in return of a decent wage and safe working conditions. In other words, all these groups are interlinked to one another, and a perfect balance between them creates the conditions essential for a successful business enterprise. Maintaining this balance is important for the management of the company in the sense that miscalculation in the balance can actually negatively affect the ethical system of the company. As Guy (1990, 4) states, â€Å"For an enterprise to continually give value to human effort and to encourage creative achievements, a balance of all interests is required.† While discussing ethics, it is important to talk about other related terms such as values and morals. Values refer to the core beliefs of what is desirable in an organization. Values considerably affect the choices made in business decisions, which further includes the aspects of ethics or morals. This paper does not aim to distinguish the definitions of ethics or morals. In short, both ‘ethics’ and ‘morals’ signify the codes of